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Universal sound separation (USS) aims to extract arbitrary types of sounds from real-world recordings. This can be achieved by language-queried target sound extraction (TSE), which typically consists of two components: a query network that…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-03-24 Hao Ma , Zhiyuan Peng , Xu Li , Mingjie Shao , Xixin Wu , Ju Liu

As Multi-modal Large Language Models (MLLMs) evolve, expanding beyond single-domain capabilities is essential to meet the demands for more versatile and efficient AI. However, previous omni-models have insufficiently explored speech,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-13 Zhisheng Zhong , Chengyao Wang , Yuqi Liu , Senqiao Yang , Longxiang Tang , Yuechen Zhang , Jingyao Li , Tianyuan Qu , Yanwei Li , Yukang Chen , Shaozuo Yu , Sitong Wu , Eric Lo , Shu Liu , Jiaya Jia

Multimodal document retrieval systems have shown strong progress in aligning visual and textual content for semantic search. However, most existing approaches remain heavily English-centric, limiting their effectiveness in multilingual…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-12-04 Adithya S Kolavi , Vyoman Jain

Multi-modal Large Language Models (MLLMs) excel in vision-language tasks but remain vulnerable to visual adversarial perturbations that can induce hallucinations, manipulate responses, or bypass safety mechanisms. Existing methods seek to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-04 Hashmat Shadab Malik , Fahad Shamshad , Muzammal Naseer , Karthik Nandakumar , Fahad Khan , Salman Khan

Recent advancements in multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have aimed to integrate and interpret data across diverse modalities. However, the capacity of these models to concurrently process and reason about multiple modalities remains…

Audio captioning is a multi-modal task, focusing on using natural language for describing the contents of general audio. Most audio captioning methods are based on deep neural networks, employing an encoder-decoder scheme and a dataset with…

Sound · Computer Science 2020-07-10 Emre Çakır , Konstantinos Drossos , Tuomas Virtanen

Ultrasound foundation models have achieved strong performance on structured prediction tasks but remain exclusively vision-based, limiting zero-shot and few-shot transfer to novel tasks where task-specific annotation is scarce. We address…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Zhuoyang Lyu , Yiyang Zhang , Tongxin Wang , Ruirui Lan

Multi-modal learning in the audio-language domain has seen significant advancements in recent years. However, audio-language learning faces challenges due to limited and lower-quality data compared to image-language tasks. Existing…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-06-10 David Xu

Automatic audio captioning is essential for audio understanding, enabling applications such as accessibility and content indexing. However, evaluating the quality of audio captions remains a major challenge, especially in reference-free…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-12-12 Tianyu Guo , Hongyu Chen , Hao Liang , Meiyi Qiang , Bohan Zeng , Linzhuang Sun , Bin Cui , Wentao Zhang

Advancements in audio neural networks have established state-of-the-art results on downstream audio tasks. However, the black-box structure of these models makes it difficult to interpret the information encoded in their internal audio…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Alice Zhang , Edison Thomaz , Lie Lu

Multilingual Large Language Models (LLMs) offer powerful capabilities for cross-lingual fact-checking. However, these models often exhibit language bias, performing disproportionately better on high-resource languages such as English than…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Ivan Vykopal , Antonia Karamolegkou , Jaroslav Kopčan , Qiwei Peng , Tomáš Javůrek , Michal Gregor , Marián Šimko

Despite pre-training's progress in many important NLP tasks, it remains to explore effective pre-training strategies for dense retrieval. In this paper, we propose RetroMAE, a new retrieval oriented pre-training paradigm based on Masked…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-18 Shitao Xiao , Zheng Liu , Yingxia Shao , Zhao Cao

Joint audio-text models are widely used for music retrieval, yet they struggle with semantic phenomena such as negation. Negation is fundamental for distinguishing the absence (or presence) of musical elements (e.g., "with vocals" vs.…

Sound · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Yannis Vasilakis , Rachel Bittner , Johan Pauwels

Understanding videos inherently requires reasoning over both visual and auditory information. To properly evaluate Omni-Large Language Models (Omni-LLMs), which are capable of processing multi-modal information including vision and audio,…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Jianghan Chao , Jianzhang Gao , Wenhui Tan , Yuchong Sun , Ruihua Song , Liyun Ru

In the field of multimodal large language models (MLLMs), common methods typically involve unfreezing the language model during training to foster profound visual understanding. However, the fine-tuning of such models with vision-language…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-04-16 Bin Wang , Chunyu Xie , Dawei Leng , Yuhui Yin

Real-world live retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) systems face significant challenges when processing user queries that are often noisy, ambiguous, and contain multiple intents. While RAG enhances large language models (LLMs) with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-27 Guanting Dong , Xiaoxi Li , Yuyao Zhang , Mengjie Deng

Music captioning has gained significant attention in the wake of the rising prominence of streaming media platforms. Traditional approaches often prioritize either the audio or lyrics aspect of the music, inadvertently ignoring the…

Sound · Computer Science 2023-10-24 Zihao He , Weituo Hao , Wei-Tsung Lu , Changyou Chen , Kristina Lerman , Xuchen Song

Multimodal embedding models, rooted in multimodal large language models (MLLMs), have yielded significant performance improvements across diverse tasks such as retrieval and classification. However, most existing approaches rely heavily on…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Jiahan Chen , Da Li , Hengran Zhang , Yinqiong Cai , Lixin Su , Jiafeng Guo , Daiting Shi , Dawei Yin , Keping Bi

We use the multilingual OSCAR corpus, extracted from Common Crawl via language classification, filtering and cleaning, to train monolingual contextualized word embeddings (ELMo) for five mid-resource languages. We then compare the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-08-24 Pedro Javier Ortiz Suárez , Laurent Romary , Benoît Sagot

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) are a major focus of recent AI research. However, most prior work focuses on static image understanding, while their ability to process sequential audio-video data remains underexplored. This gap…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Ahmed Y. Radwan , Christos Emmanouilidis , Hina Tabassum , Deval Pandya , Shaina Raza
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