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Large Language Models (LLMs) increasingly show reasoning rationales alongside their answers, turning "reasoning" into a user-interface element. While step-by-step rationales are typically associated with model performance, how they…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Xin Sun , Shu Wei , Jos A Bosch , Isao Echizen , Saku Sugawara , Abdallah El Ali

Predicting properties from coordinate-category data -- sets of vectors paired with categorical information -- is fundamental to computational science. In materials science, this challenge manifests as predicting properties like formation…

Materials Science · Physics 2025-07-10 Nawaf Alampara , Santiago Miret , Kevin Maik Jablonka

Spatial Reasoning is an important component of human cognition and is an area in which the latest Vision-language models (VLMs) show signs of difficulty. The current analysis works use image captioning tasks and visual question answering.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Akshar Tumu , Varad Shinde , Parisa Kordjamshidi

One of the long-standing goals in optimisation and constraint programming is to describe a problem in natural language and automatically obtain an executable, efficient model. Large language models appear to bring this vision closer,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-20 Alessio Pellegrino , Jacopo Mauro

This position paper argues that text embedding research should move beyond surface meaning and embrace implicit semantics as a central modeling objective. Text embeddings are a foundational component of modern NLP, underpinning a wide range…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Yiqun Sun , Qiang Huang , Anthony K. H. Tung , Jun Yu

A neural language model trained on a text corpus can be used to induce distributed representations of words, such that similar words end up with similar representations. If the corpus is multilingual, the same model can be used to learn…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-01-10 Johannes Bjerva , Robert Östling , Maria Han Veiga , Jörg Tiedemann , Isabelle Augenstein

Large language models (LLMs) offer a new empirical setting in which long-standing theories of linguistic meaning can be examined. This paper contrasts two broad approaches: social constructivist accounts associated with language games, and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-05 Dimitris Vartziotis

Large language models (LLMs) have greatly improved their capability in performing NLP tasks. However, deeper semantic understanding, contextual coherence, and more subtle reasoning are still difficult to obtain. The paper discusses…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-05 Mohanakrishnan Hariharan

Large Language Models (LLM) have emerged as a tool for robots to generate task plans using common sense reasoning. For the LLM to generate actionable plans, scene context must be provided, often through a map. Recent works have shifted from…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-09-25 Mike Zhang , Kaixian Qu , Vaishakh Patil , Cesar Cadena , Marco Hutter

Large language models (LLMs) have shown significant achievements in solving a wide range of tasks. Recently, LLMs' capability to store, retrieve and infer with symbolic knowledge has drawn a great deal of attention, showing their potential…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-11 Keyu Wang , Guilin Qi , Jiaqi Li , Songlin Zhai

The geometric structure of latent representations in large language models (LLMs) is an active area of research, driven in part by its implications for model transparency and AI safety. Existing literature has focused mainly on general…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Benjamin J. Choi , Melanie Weber

This paper investigates contextual word representation models from the lens of similarity analysis. Given a collection of trained models, we measure the similarity of their internal representations and attention. Critically, these models…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-05-05 John M. Wu , Yonatan Belinkov , Hassan Sajjad , Nadir Durrani , Fahim Dalvi , James Glass

Large language models (LLMs) often produce unsupported or unverifiable content, known as "hallucinations." To mitigate this, retrieval-augmented LLMs incorporate citations, grounding the content in verifiable sources. Despite such…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-08-26 Weijia Zhang , Mohammad Aliannejadi , Yifei Yuan , Jiahuan Pei , Jia-Hong Huang , Evangelos Kanoulas

Conceptual Engineers want to make words better. However, they often underestimate how varied our usage of words is. In this paper, we take the first steps in exploring the contextual nuances of words by creating conceptual landscapes -- 2D…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-15 Nina Haket , Ryan Daniels

We investigate whether large language models encode latent knowledge of frame semantics, focusing on frame identification, a core challenge in frame semantic parsing that involves selecting the appropriate semantic frame for a target word…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-15 Jayanth Krishna Chundru , Rudrashis Poddar , Jie Cao , Tianyu Jiang

Pre-trained LMs have shown impressive performance on downstream NLP tasks, but we have yet to establish a clear understanding of their sophistication when it comes to processing, retaining, and applying information presented in their input.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-28 Lalchand Pandia , Allyson Ettinger

The impressive achievements of transformers force NLP researchers to delve into how these models represent the underlying structure of natural language. In this paper, we propose a novel standpoint to investigate the above issue: using…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-11 Elena Sofia Ruzzetti , Federico Ranaldi , Felicia Logozzo , Michele Mastromattei , Leonardo Ranaldi , Fabio Massimo Zanzotto

Large Language Models (LLMs) have been reported to have strong performance on natural language processing tasks. However, performance metrics such as accuracy do not measure the quality of the model in terms of its ability to robustly…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-02 Emanuele La Malfa , Matthew Wicker , Marta Kwiatkowska

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly used as powerful tools for several high-stakes natural language processing (NLP) applications. Recent prompting works claim to elicit intermediate reasoning steps and key tokens that serve as…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-08 Sree Harsha Tanneru , Chirag Agarwal , Himabindu Lakkaraju

Understanding how Transformer-based Language Models (LMs) learn and recall information is a key goal of the deep learning community. Recent interpretability methods project weights and hidden states obtained from the forward pass to the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-21 Shahar Katz , Yonatan Belinkov , Mor Geva , Lior Wolf