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Context: Large Language Models (LLMs) enable automation of complex natural language processing across domains, but research on domain-specific applications like Finance remains limited. Objectives: This study explored open-source and…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Theo Koraag , Niklas Wagner , Felix Dobslaw , Lucas Gren

Multimodal large language models are playing an increasingly significant role in empowering the financial domain, however, the challenges they face, such as multimodal and high-density information and cross-modal multi-hop reasoning, go…

To address the challenging problem of detecting phishing webpages, researchers have developed numerous solutions, in particular those based on machine learning (ML) algorithms. Among these, brand-based phishing detection that uses models…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-08-13 Jehyun Lee , Peiyuan Lim , Bryan Hooi , Dinil Mon Divakaran

With the rapid adoption of large language models (LLMs) in financial service scenarios, dialogue security detection under high regulatory risk presents significant challenges. Existing methods mainly rely on single-dimensional semantic…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-13 Xiaotong Jiang , Jun Wu

Financial decision-making requires processing vast amounts of real-time information while understanding their complex temporal relationships. While traditional search engines excel at providing real-time information access, they often…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Jinzheng Li , Jingshu Zhang , Hongguang Li , Yiqing Shen

The advent of generative Large Language Models (LLMs) such as ChatGPT has catalyzed transformative advancements across multiple domains. However, alongside these advancements, they have also introduced potential threats. One critical…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-28 Bohan Jiang , Zhen Tan , Ayushi Nirmal , Huan Liu

Natural language processing evaluation has made significant progress, largely driven by the proliferation of powerful large language mod-els (LLMs). New evaluation benchmarks are of increasing priority as the reasoning capabilities of LLMs…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-19 Joseph J. Peper , Wenzhao Qiu , Ali Payani , Lu Wang

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated strong capabilities in language understanding, generation, and reasoning, yet their potential in finance remains underexplored due to the complexity and specialization of financial knowledge.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-03 Hanyu Zhang , Boyu Qiu , Yuhao Feng , Shuqi Li , Qian Ma , Xiyuan Zhang , Qiang Ju , Dong Yan , Jian Xie

In this paper, we introduce FAMMA, an open-source benchmark for \underline{f}in\underline{a}ncial \underline{m}ultilingual \underline{m}ultimodal question \underline{a}nswering (QA). Our benchmark aims to evaluate the abilities of large…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-16 Siqiao Xue , Xiaojing Li , Fan Zhou , Qingyang Dai , Zhixuan Chu , Hongyuan Mei

The robustness and security of large language models (LLMs) has become a prominent research area. One notable vulnerability is the ability to bypass LLM safeguards by translating harmful queries into rare or underrepresented languages, a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Hongliang Li , Jinan Xu , Gengping Cui , Changhao Guan , Fengran Mo , Kaiyu Huang

Large language models (LLMs) show promise for natural language tasks but struggle when applied directly to complex domains like finance. LLMs have difficulty reasoning about and integrating all relevant information. We propose a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-15 Zhixuan Chu , Huaiyu Guo , Xinyuan Zhou , Yijia Wang , Fei Yu , Hong Chen , Wanqing Xu , Xin Lu , Qing Cui , Longfei Li , Jun Zhou , Sheng Li

Large language models (LLMs) have become powerful tools for advancing natural language processing applications in the financial industry. However, existing financial LLMs often face challenges such as hallucinations or superficial parameter…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-06 Shujuan Zhao , Lingfeng Qiao , Kangyang Luo , Qian-Wen Zhang , Junru Lu , Di Yin

This paper introduces MMRefine, a MultiModal Refinement benchmark designed to evaluate the error refinement capabilities of Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs). As the emphasis shifts toward enhancing reasoning during inference,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-06 Gio Paik , Geewook Kim , Jinbae Im

While Vision-Language Models (VLMs) and Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have shown strong generalisation in detecting image and video deepfakes, their use for audio deepfake detection remains largely unexplored. In this work, we…

Sound · Computer Science 2026-01-05 Akanksha Chuchra , Shukesh Reddy , Sudeepta Mishra , Abhijit Das , Abhinav Dhall

Detecting deception in an increasingly digital world is both a critical and challenging task. In this study, we present a comprehensive evaluation of the automated deception detection capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) and Large…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-12 Md Messal Monem Miah , Adrita Anika , Xi Shi , Ruihong Huang

The proliferation of complex structured data in hybrid sources, such as PDF documents and web pages, presents unique challenges for current Large Language Models (LLMs) and Multi-modal Large Language Models (MLLMs) in providing accurate…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-08-22 Shivani Upadhyay , Messiah Ataey , Syed Shariyar Murtaza , Yifan Nie , Jimmy Lin

With the emergence of Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs), hundreds of benchmarks have been developed to ensure the reliability of MLLMs in downstream tasks. However, the evaluation mechanism itself may not be reliable. For developers…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-14 Chunyi Li , Xiaozhe Li , Zicheng Zhang , Yuan Tian , Ziheng Jia , Xiaohong Liu , Xiongkuo Min , Jia Wang , Haodong Duan , Kai Chen , Guangtao Zhai

As the field of Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) continues to evolve, their potential to revolutionize artificial intelligence is particularly promising, especially in addressing mathematical reasoning tasks. Current mathematical…

Nowadays, Information spreads at an unprecedented pace in social media and discerning truth from misinformation and fake news has become an acute societal challenge. Machine learning (ML) models have been employed to identify fake news but…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-08 Jasraj Singh , Fang Liu , Hong Xu , Bee Chin Ng , Wei Zhang

Automated disinformation generation is often listed as an important risk associated with large language models (LLMs). The theoretical ability to flood the information space with disinformation content might have dramatic consequences for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-13 Ivan Vykopal , Matúš Pikuliak , Ivan Srba , Robert Moro , Dominik Macko , Maria Bielikova
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