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The discovery of new quantum error-correcting codes that encode several logical qubits into relatively few physical qubits motivates the development of efficient and accurate methods of decoding these systems. Here, we adopt the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-27 Kaavya Sahay , Dominic J. Williamson , Benjamin J. Brown

Quantum low-density parity-check codes can be decoded using a syndrome based $\mathrm{GF}(4)$ belief propagation decoder. However, the performance of this decoder is limited both by unavoidable $4$-cycles in the code's factor graph and the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-07-24 Alex Rigby , JC Olivier , Peter Jarvis

Quasi-twisted (QT) codes generalize several important families of linear codes, including cyclic, constacyclic, and quasi-cyclic codes. Despite their potential, to the best of our knowledge, there exists no efficient decoding algorithm for…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-03 Bhagyalekshmy S , Rutuja Kshirsagar

Polar codes attract more and more attention of researchers in recent years, since its capacity achieving property. However, their error-correction performance under successive cancellation (SC) decoding is inferior to other modern channel…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-03-11 Yu Wang , Lirui Chen , Qinglin Wang , Yang Zhang , Zuocheng Xing

Quantum error correction is the building block for constructing fault-tolerant quantum processors that can operate reliably even if its constituting elements are corrupted by decoherence. In this context, real-time decoding is a necessity…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-02-15 Antonio deMarti iOlius , Josu Etxezarreta Martinez

Characterizing the decoding failure rate of iteratively decoded Low- and Moderate-Density Parity Check (LDPC/MDPC) codes is paramount to build cryptosystems based on them, able to achieve indistinguishability under adaptive chosen…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-12-12 Paolo Santini , Alessandro Barenghi , Gerardo Pelosi , Marco Baldi , Franco Chiaraluce

Hypergraph product codes are a class of constant-rate quantum low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes equipped with a linear-time decoder called small-set-flip (SSF). This decoder displays sub-optimal performance in practice and requires very…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-04-21 Antoine Grospellier , Lucien Grouès , Anirudh Krishna , Anthony Leverrier

Quantum low-density parity-check (QLDPC) codes have emerged as a promising technique for quantum error correction. A variety of decoders have been proposed for QLDPC codes and many of them utilize belief propagation (BP) decoding in some…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-06-25 Hanwen Yao , Waleed Abu Laban , Christian Häger , Alexandre Graell i Amat , Henry D. Pfister

In this study, we report that quantum quasi-cyclic low-density parity-check codes decoded via joint belief propagation (BP) exhibit steep error-rate curves, despite the presence of error floors. To the best of our knowledge, this is the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-17 Daiki Komoto , Kenta Kasai

Quantum low-density parity-check (QLDPC) codes are among the most promising candidates for future quantum error correction schemes. However, a limited number of short to moderate-length QLDPC codes have been designed and their decoding…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-05-07 Sisi Miao , Jonathan Mandelbaum , Holger Jäkel , Laurent Schmalen

Decoding algorithms are essential to fault-tolerant quantum-computing architectures. In this perspective we explore decoding algorithms for the surface code; a prototypical quantum low-density parity-check code that underlies many of the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-02-29 Benjamin J. Brown

Belief-propagation (BP) decoders play a vital role in modern coding theory, but they are not suitable to decode quantum error-correcting codes because of a unique quantum feature called error degeneracy. Inspired by an exact mapping between…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-05-29 Ye-Hua Liu , David Poulin

Realizing the full potential of quantum computation requires quantum error correction (QEC), with most recent breakthrough demonstrations of QEC using the surface code. QEC codes use multiple noisy physical qubits to encode information in…

Block-fading (BF) channel, also known as slow-fading channel, is a type of simple and practical channel model that can characterize the primary feature of a number of wireless-communication applications with low to moderate mobility.…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2021-07-22 Yi Fang , Pingping Chen , Guofa Cai , Francis C. M. Lau , Soung Chang Liew , Guojun Han

In this paper, we propose a new decoder, called the Multiple-Bases Belief-Propagation List Decoder (MBBP-LD), for Quantum Low-Density Parity-Check (QLDPC) codes. It extends the Multiple-Bases Belief-Propagation (MBBP) framework, originally…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-11-06 Sheida Rabeti , Hessam Mahdavifar

In this work, we analyze efficient window shift schemes for windowed decoding of spatially coupled low-density parity-check (SC-LDPC) codes, which is known to yield close-tooptimal decoding results when compared to full belief propagation…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2018-10-03 Kevin Klaiber , Sebastian Cammerer , Laurent Schmalen , Stephan ten Brink

Message-passing iterative decoders for low-density parity-check (LDPC) block codes are known to be subject to decoding failures due to so-called pseudo-codewords. These failures can cause the large signal-to-noise ratio performance of…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2007-07-13 Roxana Smarandache , Ali E. Pusane , Pascal O. Vontobel , Daniel J. Costello

Encoding quantum information in a quantum error correction (QEC) code offers protection against decoherence and enhances the fidelity of qubits and gate operations. One of the fundamental challenges of QEC is to construct codes with…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-01 Jasper Johannes Postema , Servaas J. J. M. F. Kokkelmans

Known for their capacity-achieving abilities, polar codes have been selected as the control channel coding scheme for 5G communications. To satisfy the needs of high throughput and low latency, belief propagation (BP) is chosen as the…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-02-06 Chieh-Fang Teng , Kuan-Shiuan Ho , Chen-Hsi Wu , Sin-Sheng Wong , An-Yeu Wu

This work presents a hardware-efficient and fully parallelizable decoder for quantum LDPC codes that leverages belief propagation (BP) with a speculative post-processing strategy inspired by classical Chase decoding algorithm. By monitoring…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-11 Ming Wang , Ang Li , Frank Mueller