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Large Language Models (LLMs) and their agent systems have recently demonstrated strong potential in automating code reasoning and vulnerability detection. However, when applied to large-scale firmware, their performance degrades due to the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Xiangrui Zhang , Zeyu Chen , Haining Wang , Qiang Li

End users face a choice between privacy and efficiency in current Large Language Model (LLM) service paradigms. In cloud-based paradigms, users are forced to compromise data locality for generation quality and processing speed. Conversely,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-11-27 Yiming Wang , Yu Lin , Xiaodong Zeng , Guannan Zhang

Large language models (LLMs) extended as systems, such as ChatGPT, have begun supporting third-party applications. These LLM apps leverage the de facto natural language-based automated execution paradigm of LLMs: that is, apps and their…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-02-03 Yuhao Wu , Franziska Roesner , Tadayoshi Kohno , Ning Zhang , Umar Iqbal

A high volume of recent ML security literature focuses on attacks against aligned large language models (LLMs). These attacks may extract private information or coerce the model into producing harmful outputs. In real-world deployments,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-13 Ang Li , Yin Zhou , Vethavikashini Chithrra Raghuram , Tom Goldstein , Micah Goldblum

Large Language Model (LLM) agents are increasingly used to automate complex workflows, but integrating untrusted external data with privileged execution exposes them to severe security risks, particularly direct and indirect prompt…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Zonghao Ying , Haozheng Wang , Jiangfan Liu , Quanchen Zou , Aishan Liu , Jian Yang , Yaodong Yang , Xianglong Liu

LLM-integrated app systems extend the utility of Large Language Models (LLMs) with third-party apps that are invoked by a system LLM using interleaved planning and execution phases to answer user queries. These systems introduce new attack…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Evan Li , Tushin Mallick , Evan Rose , William Robertson , Alina Oprea , Cristina Nita-Rotaru

Tool-augmented Large Language Model (LLM) agents have demonstrated impressive capabilities in automating complex, multi-step real-world tasks, yet remain vulnerable to indirect prompt injection. Adversaries exploit this weakness by…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Wei Zhao , Zhe Li , Peixin Zhang , Jun Sun

Agentic AI will be an essential enabling technology for designing future mobile communication systems, which could provide flexible and customized services, automate complex network operations, and drive autonomous decision-making across…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Purna Sai Garigipati , Onur Ayan , Kishor Chandra Joshi , Xueli An

Large language models (LLMs), the foundation of generative AI systems like ChatGPT, are transforming many fields and applications, including multimedia, enabling more advanced content generation, analysis, and interaction. However,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Zoha Azimi , Reza Farahani , Radu Prodan , Christian Timmerer

AI agents, predominantly powered by large language models (LLMs), are vulnerable to indirect prompt injection, in which malicious instructions embedded in untrusted data can trigger dangerous agent actions. This position paper discusses our…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-01 Chong Xiang , Drew Zagieboylo , Shaona Ghosh , Sanjay Kariyappa , Kai Greshake , Hanshen Xiao , Chaowei Xiao , G. Edward Suh

Recently, there has been a surge in the development of advanced intelligent generative content (AIGC), especially large language models (LLMs). However, for many downstream tasks, it is necessary to fine-tune LLMs using private data. While…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-09 Zihan Fang , Zheng Lin , Zhe Chen , Xianhao Chen , Yue Gao , Yuguang Fang

Software vulnerabilities remain a critical security challenge, providing entry points for attackers into enterprise networks. Despite advances in security practices, the lack of high-quality datasets capturing diverse exploit behavior…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-17 Alireza Lotfi , Charalampos Katsis , Elisa Bertino

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed as AI agents that operate in short reasoning-action loops, interleaving model computation with external calls. Unlike traditional chat applications, these agentic workloads require…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-03-12 Yuning Zhang , Yan Yan , Nan Yang , Dong Yuan

Ensuring functional safety in human-robot interaction is challenging because AI perception is inherently probabilistic, whereas industrial standards require deterministic behavior. We present an LLM-guided safety agent for edge robotics,…

The ubiquitous computing resources in 6G networks provide ideal environments for the fusion of large language models (LLMs) and intelligent services through the agent framework. With auxiliary modules and planning cores, LLM-enabled agents…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-09-08 Zheyan Qu , Wenbo Wang , Zitong Yu , Boquan Sun , Yang Li , Xing Zhang

Deploying machine learning (ML) models on user devices can improve privacy (by keeping data local) and reduce inference latency. Trusted Execution Environments (TEEs) are a practical solution for protecting proprietary models, yet existing…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Sina Abdollahi , Mohammad Maheri , Sandra Siby , Marios Kogias , Hamed Haddadi

Proprietary large language models (LLMs) have been widely applied in various scenarios. Additionally, deploying LLMs on edge devices is trending for efficiency and privacy reasons. However, edge deployment of proprietary LLMs introduces new…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-11-22 Qinfeng Li , Zhiqiang Shen , Zhenghan Qin , Yangfan Xie , Xuhong Zhang , Tianyu Du , Jianwei Yin

Large language models (LLMs) are revolutionizing various domains with their remarkable natural language processing (NLP) abilities. However, deploying LLMs in resource-constrained edge computing and embedded systems presents significant…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-03-05 Abdul Basit , Khizar Hussain , Muhammad Abdullah Hanif , Muhammad Shafique

Proprietary large language models (LLMs) exhibit strong generalization capabilities across diverse tasks and are increasingly deployed on edge devices for efficiency and privacy reasons. However, deploying proprietary LLMs at the edge…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Qinfeng Li , Tianyue Luo , Xuhong Zhang , Yangfan Xie , Zhiqiang Shen , Lijun Zhang , Yier Jin , Hao Peng , Xinkui Zhao , Xianwei Zhu , Jianwei Yin

In today's digital world, casual user-generated content often contains subtle cues that may inadvertently expose sensitive personal attributes. Such risks underscore the growing importance of effective text anonymization to safeguard…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Chenyang Shao , Tianxing Li , Chenhao Pu , Fengli Xu , Yong Li