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Autoformalization is the process of automatically translating from natural language mathematics to formal specifications and proofs. A successful autoformalization system could advance the fields of formal verification, program synthesis,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-26 Yuhuai Wu , Albert Q. Jiang , Wenda Li , Markus N. Rabe , Charles Staats , Mateja Jamnik , Christian Szegedy

LLM-based tool agents offer natural language interfaces, enabling users to seamlessly interact with computing services. While REST APIs are valuable resources for building such agents, they must first be transformed into AI-compatible…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-29 Xinyi Ni , Qiuyang Wang , Yukun Zhang , Pengyu Hong

We present Prover Agent, a novel AI agent for automated theorem proving that integrates large language models (LLMs) with a formal proof assistant, Lean. Prover Agent coordinates an informal reasoning LLM, a formal prover model, and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-18 Kaito Baba , Chaoran Liu , Shuhei Kurita , Akiyoshi Sannai

The latest advancements in AI and deep learning have led to a breakthrough in large language model (LLM)-based agents such as GPT-4. However, many commercial conversational agent development tools are pipeline-based and have limitations in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-08 Mina Foosherian , Hendrik Purwins , Purna Rathnayake , Touhidul Alam , Rui Teimao , Klaus-Dieter Thoben

This paper presents a system for procedurally generating agent-based narratives using large language models (LLMs). Users could drag and drop multiple agents and objects into a scene, with each entity automatically assigned semantic…

Graphics · Computer Science 2025-12-24 Vinayak Regmi , Christos Mousas

Formal method-based analysis of the 5G Wireless Communication Protocol is crucial for identifying logical vulnerabilities and facilitating an all-encompassing security assessment, especially in the design phase. Natural Language Processing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-08 Shiyu Yuan , Jingda Yang , Sudhanshu Arya , Carlo Lipizzi , Ying Wang

Proof engineering is notoriously labor-intensive: proofs that are straightforward on paper often require lengthy scripts in theorem provers. Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) create new opportunities for proof automation:…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2026-01-08 Yichen Xu , Martin Odersky

Synchronous languages rely on formal methods to ease the development of applications in an efficient and reusable way. Formal methods have been advocated as a means of increasing the reliability of systems, especially those which are safety…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2009-04-20 Annie Ressouche , Daniel Gaffé , Valérie Roy

The production of large-scale political datasets typically demands extracting structured facts from vast piles of unstructured documents or web sources, a task that traditionally relies on expensive human experts and remains prohibitively…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-20 Yifei Zhu , Songpo Yang , Jiangnan Zhu , Junyan Jiang

When automating plan generation for a real-world sequential decision problem, the goal is often not to replace the human planner, but to facilitate an iterative reasoning and elicitation process, where the human's role is to guide the AI…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Guilhem Fouilhé , Rebecca Eifler , Antonin Poché , Sylvie Thiébaux , Nicholas Asher

Recent advances in the intrinsic reasoning capabilities of large language models (LLMs) have given rise to LLM-based agent systems that exhibit near-human performance on a variety of automated tasks. However, although these systems share…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Bingxi Zhao , Lin Geng Foo , Ping Hu , Christian Theobalt , Hossein Rahmani , Jun Liu

Efficient and accurate autoformalization methods, which leverage large-scale datasets of extensive natural language mathematical problems to construct formal language datasets, are key to advancing formal mathematical reasoning. In this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-16 Jiaxuan Xie , Chengwu Liu , Ye Yuan , Siqi Li , Zhiping Xiao , Ming Zhang

Cranfield-style retrieval evaluations with too few or too many relevant documents or with low inter-assessor agreement on relevance can reduce the reliability of observations. In evaluations with human assessors, information needs are often…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-04-30 Jüri Keller , Maik Fröbe , Björn Engelmann , Fabian Haak , Timo Breuer , Birger Larsen , Philipp Schaer

Verification-aware programming languages such as Dafny and F* provide means to formally specify and prove properties of a program. Although the problem of checking an implementation against a specification can be defined mechanically, there…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2024-10-17 Shuvendu K. Lahiri

We introduce a novel framework for evaluating the alignment between natural language plans and their expected behavior by converting them into Kripke structures and Linear Temporal Logic (LTL) using Large Language Models (LLMs) and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Keshav Ramani , Vali Tawosi , Salwa Alamir , Daniel Borrajo

Writing temporal logic properties is often a challenging task for users of model-based development frameworks, particularly when translating informal requirements into formal specifications. In this paper, we explore the idea of integrating…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Andrea Bombarda , Silvia Bonfanti , Angelo Gargantini , Nico Pellegrinelli

Large Language models (LLMs) have shown promise as generators of symbolic control policies, producing interpretable program-like representations through iterative search. However, these models are not capable of separating the functional…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-02 Carlo Bosio , Matteo Guarrera , Alberto Sangiovanni-Vincentelli , Mark W. Mueller

Virtually all verification and synthesis techniques assume that the formal specifications are readily available, functionally correct, and fully match the engineer's understanding of the given system. However, this assumption is often…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2022-06-15 Simon Lutz , Daniel Neider , Rajarshi Roy

This paper develops an agentic framework that employs large language models (LLMs) for grounded persuasive language generation in automated copywriting, with real estate marketing as a focal application. Our method is designed to align the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Jibang Wu , Chenghao Yang , Yi Wu , Simon Mahns , Chaoqi Wang , Hao Zhu , Fei Fang , Haifeng Xu

Finite element (FE) analysis guides the design and verification of nearly all manufactured objects. It is at the core of computational engineering, enabling simulation of complex physical systems, from fluids and solids to multiphysics…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Rushikesh Deotale , Adithya Srinivasan , Yuan Tian , Tianyi Zhang , Pavlos Vlachos , Hector Gomez