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Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown remarkable success, and their multimodal expansions (MLLMs) further unlock capabilities spanning images, videos, and other modalities beyond text. However, despite this shift, prompt optimization…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-20 Yumin Choi , Dongki Kim , Jinheon Baek , Sung Ju Hwang

Automatically evaluating multimodal generation presents a significant challenge, as automated metrics often struggle to align reliably with human evaluation, especially for complex tasks that involve multiple modalities. To address this, we…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-26 Jihan Yao , Yushi Hu , Yujie Yi , Bin Han , Shangbin Feng , Guang Yang , Bingbing Wen , Ranjay Krishna , Lucy Lu Wang , Yulia Tsvetkov , Noah A. Smith , Banghua Zhu

Multimodal language models (MLMs) show promise for clinical decision support and diagnostic reasoning, raising the prospect of end-to-end automated medical image interpretation. However, clinicians are highly selective in adopting AI tools;…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-06 Mahtab Bigverdi , Wisdom Ikezogwo , Kevin Zhang , Hyewon Jeong , Mingyu Lu , Sungjae Cho , Linda Shapiro , Ranjay Krishna

Large Audio-Language Models (LALMs) are enhanced with audio perception capabilities, enabling them to effectively process and understand multimodal inputs that combine audio and text. However, their performance in handling conflicting…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-22 Cheng Wang , Gelei Deng , Xianglin Yang , Han Qiu , Tianwei Zhang

Open-source multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have shown significant potential in a broad range of multimodal tasks. However, their reasoning capabilities remain constrained by existing instruction-tuning datasets, which were…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-05 Jarvis Guo , Tuney Zheng , Yuelin Bai , Bo Li , Yubo Wang , King Zhu , Yizhi Li , Graham Neubig , Wenhu Chen , Xiang Yue

Large vision-language models (VLMs), such as CLIP, learn rich joint image-text representations, facilitating advances in numerous downstream tasks, including zero-shot classification and text-to-image generation. Nevertheless, existing VLMs…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-02-24 Roni Paiss , Ariel Ephrat , Omer Tov , Shiran Zada , Inbar Mosseri , Michal Irani , Tali Dekel

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) perform well in single-image visual grounding but struggle with real-world tasks that demand cross-image reasoning and multi-modal instructions. To address this, we adopt a reinforcement learning…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Bob Zhang , Haoran Li , Tao Zhang , Jianan Li , Cilin Yan , Xikai Liu , Jiayin Cai , Yanbin Hao

Large language models (LLMs) are often equipped with multi-sample decoding strategies. An LLM implicitly defines an arithmetic code book, facilitating efficient and embarrassingly parallelizable \textbf{arithmetic sampling} to produce…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-04-29 Aditya Parashar , Aditya Vikram Singh , Avinash Amballa , Jinlin Lai , Benjamin Rozonoyer

The remarkable advancements in Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have not rendered them immune to challenges, particularly in the context of handling deceptive information in prompts, thus producing hallucinated responses under such…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-24 Yusu Qian , Haotian Zhang , Yinfei Yang , Zhe Gan

In an era defined by the explosive growth of data and rapid technological advancements, Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) stand at the forefront of artificial intelligence (AI) systems. Designed to seamlessly integrate diverse data…

As the field of Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) continues to evolve, their potential to revolutionize artificial intelligence is particularly promising, especially in addressing mathematical reasoning tasks. Current mathematical…

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated exceptional proficiency in text understanding and embedding tasks. However, their potential in multimodal representation, particularly for item-to-item (I2I) recommendations, remains…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-01-22 Chao Zhang , Haoxin Zhang , Shiwei Wu , Di Wu , Tong Xu , Xiangyu Zhao , Yan Gao , Yao Hu , Enhong Chen

The ability to organically reason over and with both text and images is a pillar of human intelligence, yet the ability of Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) to perform such multimodal reasoning remains under-explored. Existing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-01-10 Yunzhuo Hao , Jiawei Gu , Huichen Will Wang , Linjie Li , Zhengyuan Yang , Lijuan Wang , Yu Cheng

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) are increasingly applied in real-world scenarios where user-provided images are often imperfect, requiring active image manipulations such as cropping, editing, or enhancement to uncover salient…

Across languages, numeral systems vary widely in how they construct and combine numbers. While humans consistently learn to navigate this diversity, large language models (LLMs) struggle with linguistic-mathematical puzzles involving…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-16 Antara Raaghavi Bhattacharya , Isabel Papadimitriou , Kathryn Davidson , David Alvarez-Melis

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) deliver detailed responses on vision-language tasks, yet remain susceptible to object hallucination (introducing objects not present in the image), undermining reliability in practice. Prior efforts…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-26 Shiwei Tan , Hengyi Wang , Weiyi Qin , Qi Xu , Zhigang Hua , Hao Wang

As AI-based code generation becomes widespread, researchers are investigating the calibration of code LLMs - ensuring their confidence scores faithfully represent the true likelihood of code correctness. To do so, we investigate…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-12-10 Viola Campos , Robin Kuschnereit , Adrian Ulges

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have experienced significant advancements recently, but still struggle to recognize and interpret intricate details in high-resolution (HR) images effectively. While state-of-the-art (SOTA) MLLMs…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-29 Wenbin Wang , Liang Ding , Minyan Zeng , Xiabin Zhou , Li Shen , Yong Luo , Dacheng Tao

Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) and multimodal LLMs (MLLMs) have led to strong reasoning ability across a wide range of tasks. However, their ability to perform mathematical reasoning from spoken input remains underexplored.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-22 Chengwei Wei , Bin Wang , Jung-jae Kim , Nancy F. Chen

In recent years, multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have achieved significant breakthroughs, enhancing understanding across text and vision. However, current MLLMs still face challenges in effectively integrating knowledge across…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-10 Boyu Jia , Junzhe Zhang , Huixuan Zhang , Xiaojun Wan