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Recent analyses highlight challenges in autonomous vehicle technologies, particularly failures in decision-making under dynamic or emergency conditions. Traditional automated driving systems recalculate the entire trajectory in a changing…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-08-21 Kailin Tong , Berin Dikic , Wenbo Xiao , Martin Steinberger , Martin Horn , Selim Solmaz

The advent of autonomous driving technology has accentuated the need for comprehensive hazard analysis and risk assessment (HARA) to ensure the safety and reliability of vehicular systems. Traditional HARA processes, while meticulous, are…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-11-04 Alireza Abbaspour , Aliasghar Arab , Yashar Mousavi

We present an historical overview about the connections between the analysis of risk and the control of autonomous systems. We offer two main contributions. Our first contribution is to propose three overlapping paradigms to classify the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-07-13 Yuheng Wang , Margaret P. Chapman

Traversing terrain with good traction is crucial for achieving fast off-road navigation. Instead of manually designing costs based on terrain features, existing methods learn terrain properties directly from data via self-supervision to…

With the rapid advancement of autonomous driving, deploying Vision-Language Models (VLMs) to enhance perception and decision-making has become increasingly common. However, the real-time application of VLMs is hindered by high latency and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Lianming Huang , Haibo Hu , Yufei Cui , Jiacheng Zuo , Shangyu Wu , Nan Guan , Chun Jason Xue

Motion prediction is a crucial task in autonomous driving, and one of its major challenges lands in the multimodality of future behaviors. Many successful works have utilized mixture models which require identification of positive mixture…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-18 Longzhong Lin , Xuewu Lin , Tianwei Lin , Lichao Huang , Rong Xiong , Yue Wang

Connected vehicle (CV) technology is among the most heavily researched areas in both the academia and industry. The vehicle to vehicle (V2V), vehicle to infrastructure (V2I) and vehicle to pedestrian (V2P) communication capabilities enable…

The Empirical Bayes (EB) procedure of Hauer et al. (2002) is the workhorse of highway safety analysis: it combines a Safety Performance Function with observed crash counts to produce shrinkage estimates of segment-level crash rates. EB…

Applications · Statistics 2026-05-28 Lars Skaug

High infraction rates remain the primary bottleneck for end-to-end (E2E) autonomous driving, as evidenced by the low driving scores on the CARLA Leaderboard. Despite collision-related infractions being the dominant failure mode in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-30 Alex Koran , Dimitrios Sinodinos , Hadi Hojjati , Takuya Nanri , Fangge Chen , Narges Armanfard

Annually, a large number of injuries and deaths around the world are related to motor vehicle accidents. This value has recently been reduced to some extent, via the use of driver-assistance systems. Developing driver-assistance systems…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-05-18 Zahra Salahshoori Nejad , Hamed Heravi , Ali Rahimpour Jounghani , Abdollah Shahrezaie , Afshin Ebrahimi

Human trajectory forecasting is crucial in applications such as autonomous driving, robotics and surveillance. Accurate forecasting requires models to consider various factors, including social interactions, multi-modal predictions,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-02 Giacomo Rosin , Muhammad Rameez Ur Rahman , Sebastiano Vascon

Safely integrating unmanned aerial vehicles into civil airspace is contingent upon development of a trustworthy collision avoidance system. This paper proposes an approach whereby a parameterized resolution logic that is considered trusted…

Robotics · Computer Science 2016-02-22 Zachary N. Sunberg , Mykel J. Kochenderfer , Marco Pavone

Autonomous agents such as self-driving cars or parcel robots need to recognize and avoid possible collisions with obstacles in order to move successfully in their environment. Humans, however, have learned to predict movements intuitively…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-11-30 Carsten Hahn , Sebastian Feld , Hannes Schroter

While current automotive safety standards provide implicit guidance on how unreasonable risk can be avoided, manufacturers are required to specify risk acceptance criteria for Automated Driving Systems (SAE Level 3 and higher). However, the…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-03-11 Nayel Fabian Salem , Thomas Kirschbaum , Marcus Nolte , Christian Lalitsch-Schneider , Robert Graubohm , Jan Reich , Markus Maurer

Assessing the safety of autonomous driving policy is of great importance, and reinforcement learning (RL) has emerged as a powerful method for discovering critical vulnerabilities in driving policies. However, existing RL-based approaches…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Le Qiu , Zelai Xu , Qixin Tan , Wenhao Tang , Chao Yu , Yu Wang

In today's digital world, the generation of vast amounts of streaming data in various domains has become ubiquitous. However, many of these data are unlabeled, making it challenging to identify events, particularly anomalies. This task…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-16 Jin Li , Kleanthis Malialis , Christos G. Panayiotou , Marios M. Polycarpou

Autonomous racing is becoming popular for academic and industry researchers as a test for general autonomous driving by pushing perception, planning, and control algorithms to their limits. While traditional control methods such as MPC are…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-07-07 Edoardo Ghignone , Nicolas Baumann , Mike Boss , Michele Magno

Generating adversarial safety-critical scenarios is a pivotal method for testing autonomous driving systems, as it identifies potential weaknesses and enhances system robustness and reliability. However, existing approaches predominantly…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-03-03 Yukuan Yang , Xucheng Lu , Zhili Zhang , Zepeng Wu , Guoqi Li , Lingzhong Meng , Yunzhi Xue

Ensuring safety in autonomous driving (AD) remains a significant challenge, especially in highly dynamic and complex traffic environments where diverse agents interact and unexpected hazards frequently emerge. Traditional reinforcement…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Dong Hu , Fenqing Hu , Lidong Yang , Chao Huang

In this paper, we use the concept of artificial risk fields to predict how human operators control a vehicle in response to upcoming road situations. A risk field assigns a non-negative risk measure to the state of the system in order to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-01 Emily Jensen , Maya Luster , Hansol Yoon , Brandon Pitts , Sriram Sankaranarayanan