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LLM-based autonomous agents often fail to execute complex web tasks that require dynamic interaction due to the inherent uncertainty and complexity of these environments. Existing LLM-based web agents typically rely on rigid,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-08-29 Yao Zhang , Zijian Ma , Yunpu Ma , Zhen Han , Yu Wu , Volker Tresp

Large Language Models (LLMs) have empowered autonomous agents to handle complex web navigation tasks. While recent studies integrate tree search to enhance long-horizon reasoning, applying these algorithms in web navigation faces two…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Weiming Zhang , Jihong Wang , Jiamu Zhou , Qingyao Li , Xinbei Ma , Congmin Zheng , Xingyu Lou , Weiwen Liu , Zhuosheng Zhang , Jun Wang , Yong Yu , Weinan Zhang

While language models (LMs) have shown potential across a range of decision-making tasks, their reliance on simple acting processes limits their broad deployment as autonomous agents. In this paper, we introduce Language Agent Tree Search…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-06-07 Andy Zhou , Kai Yan , Michal Shlapentokh-Rothman , Haohan Wang , Yu-Xiong Wang

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly being explored across a range of reasoning tasks. However, LLMs sometimes struggle with reasoning tasks under uncertainty that are relatively easy for humans, such as planning actions in…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-06 Ziwei Deng , Mian Deng , Chenjing Liang , Zeming Gao , Chennan Ma , Chenxing Lin , Haipeng Zhang , Songzhu Mei , Siqi Shen , Cheng Wang

Autonomous vehicles have to navigate the surrounding environment with partial observability of other objects sharing the road. Sources of uncertainty in autonomous vehicle measurements include sensor fusion errors, limited sensor range due…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-12-05 Mohammad Naghshvar , Ahmed K. Sadek , Auke J. Wiggers

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown remarkable capabilities in natural language tasks requiring complex reasoning, yet their application in agentic, multi-step reasoning within interactive environments remains a difficult challenge.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-08-15 Pranav Putta , Edmund Mills , Naman Garg , Sumeet Motwani , Chelsea Finn , Divyansh Garg , Rafael Rafailov

LLM-based agents often operate in a greedy, step-by-step manner, selecting actions solely based on the current observation without considering long-term consequences or alternative paths. This lack of foresight is particularly problematic…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Mahir Labib Dihan , Tanzima Hashem , Mohammed Eunus Ali , Md Rizwan Parvez

The integration of autonomous vehicles into urban and highway environments necessitates the development of robust and adaptable behavior planning systems. This study presents an innovative approach to address this challenge by utilizing a…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-10-19 Qianfeng Wen , Zhongyi Gong , Lifeng Zhou , Zhongshun Zhang

Inference-time reasoning scaling has significantly advanced the capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) in complex problem-solving. A prevalent approach involves external search guided by Process Reward Models (PRMs). However, a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-09 Zeen Song , Zihao Ma , Wenwen Qiang , Changwen Zheng , Gang Hua

Monte Carlo tree search (MCTS) is one of the most capable online search algorithms for sequential planning tasks, with significant applications in areas such as resource allocation and transit planning. Despite its strong performance in…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-31 Ziyan An , Hendrik Baier , Abhishek Dubey , Ayan Mukhopadhyay , Meiyi Ma

Large Language Models (LLM) are increasingly being explored for problem-solving tasks. However, their strategic planning capability is often viewed with skepticism. Recent studies have incorporated the Monte Carlo Tree Search (MCTS)…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-05 Bingzheng Gan , Yufan Zhao , Tianyi Zhang , Jing Huang , Yusu Li , Shu Xian Teo , Changwang Zhang , Wei Shi

Autonomous web agents powered by large language models (LLMs) show strong potential for performing goal-oriented tasks such as information retrieval, report generation, and online transactions. These agents mark a key step toward practical…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-24 Shiqi He , Yue Cui , Xinyu Ma , Yaliang Li , Bolin Ding , Mosharaf Chowdhury

Large language models (LLMs) have shown strong capabilities across diverse decision-making tasks. However, existing approaches often overlook the specialization differences among available models, treating all LLMs as uniformly applicable…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Wei Zhu , Lixing Yu , Hao-Ren Yao , Zhiwen Tang , Kun Yue

Physics-based simulations and learning-based models are vital for complex robotics tasks like deformable object manipulation and liquid handling. However, these models often struggle with accuracy due to epistemic uncertainty or the…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Marco Faroni , Carlo Odesco , Andrea Zanchettin , Paolo Rocco

In response to the lack of trust in Artificial Intelligence (AI) for sequential planning, we design a Computational Tree Logic-guided large language model (LLM)-based natural language explanation framework designed for the Monte Carlo Tree…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-02 Ziyan An , Xia Wang , Hendrik Baier , Zirong Chen , Abhishek Dubey , Taylor T. Johnson , Jonathan Sprinkle , Ayan Mukhopadhyay , Meiyi Ma

Monte-Carlo Tree Search (MCTS) is a fundamental sampling-based search algorithm widely used for online planning in sequential decision-making domains. Despite its success in driving recent advances in artificial intelligence, understanding…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Yiyu Qian , Liyuan Zhao , Tim Miller

Decision-making under uncertainty (DMU) is present in many important problems. An open challenge is DMU in non-stationary environments, where the dynamics of the environment can change over time. Reinforcement Learning (RL), a popular…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-03-01 Geoffrey Pettet , Ayan Mukhopadhyay , Abhishek Dubey

Probabilistic search algorithms, such as Monte Carlo Tree Search (MCTS), have proven very effective in solving sequential decision-making tasks under uncertainty. However, interpreting asymmetric search trees that incorporate bandit-based…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Siqi Lu , Mirsaleh Bahavarnia , Hiba Baroud , Yixuan Zhang , Hemant Purohit , Ayan Mukhopadhyay

While Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated potential in healthcare, they often struggle with the complex, non-linear reasoning required for accurate clinical diagnosis. Existing methods typically rely on static, linear mappings…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Zhuohan Ge , Haoyang Li , Yubo Wang , Nicole Hu , Chen Jason Zhang , Qing Li

Autonomous agents powered by language models (LMs) have demonstrated promise in their ability to perform decision-making tasks such as web automation. However, a key limitation remains: LMs, primarily optimized for natural language…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Jing Yu Koh , Stephen McAleer , Daniel Fried , Ruslan Salakhutdinov
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