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In this paper, we introduce Technical-Embeddings, a novel framework designed to optimize semantic retrieval in technical documentation, with applications in both hardware and software development. Our approach addresses the challenges of…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-09-05 Songjiang Lai , Tsun-Hin Cheung , Ka-Chun Fung , Kaiwen Xue , Kwan-Ho Lin , Yan-Ming Choi , Vincent Ng , Kin-Man Lam

Multi-modal Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has become a critical method for empowering LLMs by leveraging candidate visual documents. However, current methods consider the entire document as the basic retrieval unit, introducing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Yinglu Li , Zhiying Lu , Zhihang Liu , Yiwei Sun , Chuanbin Liu , Hongtao Xie

Traditional retrieval methods have been essential for assessing document similarity but struggle with capturing semantic nuances. Despite advancements in latent semantic analysis (LSA) and deep learning, achieving comprehensive semantic…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-09-27 Solmaz Seyed Monir , Irene Lau , Shubing Yang , Dongfang Zhao

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has emerged as an effective paradigm for generating contextually accurate answers by integrating Large Language Models (LLMs) with retrieval mechanisms. However, in legal contexts, users frequently…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-04-16 João Alberto de Oliveira Lima

Retrieval-augmented Generation (RAG) extends large language models (LLMs) with external knowledge but faces key challenges: restricted effective context length and redundancy in retrieved documents. Pure compression-based approaches reduce…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-09 Yiqiao Jin , Kartik Sharma , Vineeth Rakesh , Yingtong Dou , Menghai Pan , Mahashweta Das , Srijan Kumar

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) grounds large language models in external evidence, yet it still falters when answers must be pieced together across semantically distant documents. We close this gap with the Hierarchical Lexical Graph…

With contrastive pre-training, sentence encoders are generally optimized to locate semantically similar samples closer to each other in their embedding spaces. In this work, we focus on the potential of their embedding spaces to be readily…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-22 Jimin Hong , Jungsoo Park , Daeyoung Kim , Seongjae Choi , Bokyung Son , Jaewook Kang

Text embedding representing natural language documents in a semantic vector space can be used for document retrieval using nearest neighbor lookup. In order to study the feasibility of neural models specialized for retrieval in a…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2019-05-03 Tolgahan Cakaloglu , Christian Szegedy , Xiaowei Xu

Polymer literature contains a large and growing body of experimental knowledge, yet much of it is buried in unstructured text and inconsistent terminology, making systematic retrieval and reasoning difficult. Existing tools typically…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2026-02-19 Sonakshi Gupta , Akhlak Mahmood , Wei Xiong , Rampi Ramprasad

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) enhances the factual grounding of Large Language Models by conditioning their outputs on external documents. However, standard embedding-based retrievers treat naturally structured corpora, such as…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Giorgia Bolognesi , Claudio Estatico , Ulderico Fugacci , Isabella Mastroianni , Claudio Muselli , Luca Oneto

In enterprise settings, efficiently retrieving relevant information from large and complex knowledge bases is essential for operational productivity and informed decision-making. This research presents a systematic empirical framework for…

Industrial standards and normative documents exhibit intricate hierarchical structures, domain-specific lexicons, and extensive cross-referential dependencies, which making it challenging to process them directly by Large Language Models…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Aiman Al Masoud , Marco Arazzi , Simone Germani , Antonino Nocera

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) enhances Large Language Models (LLMs) by grounding generation in external knowledge, yielding relevance responses that are aligned with factual evidence and evolving corpora. Standard RAG pipelines…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Xun Sun , Baiheng Xie , Li Huang , Qiang Gao

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) ranks passages by semantic similarity to the input, implicitly assuming that semantic similarity is a reliable indication of applicability in downstream tasks. This assumption breaks down when task…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Zhixing Sun , Shenghe Xu , Tao Li

Text embeddings are central to modern information retrieval and Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG). While dense models derived from Large Language Models (LLMs) dominate current practice, recent work has explored quantum-inspired…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Dario Maio

We present a new benchmark for evaluating Deep Search--a realistic and complex form of retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) that requires source-aware, multi-hop reasoning over diverse, sparsed, but related sources. These include documents,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Prafulla Kumar Choubey , Xiangyu Peng , Shilpa Bhagavath , Kung-Hsiang Huang , Caiming Xiong , Chien-Sheng Wu

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has been proposed to mitigate hallucinations in large language models (LLMs), where generated outputs may be factually incorrect. However, existing RAG approaches predominantly rely on vector similarity…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Miao Xie , Xiao Zhang , Yi Li , Chunli Lv

Organizations increasingly rely on proprietary enterprise data, including HR records, structured reports, and tabular documents, for critical decision-making. While Large Language Models (LLMs) have strong generative capabilities, they are…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-17 Chandana Cheerla

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) struggles with domain-specific enterprise datasets, often isolated behind firewalls and rich in complex, specialized terminology unseen by LLMs during pre-training. Semantic variability across domains…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-06 Kunal Sawarkar , Shivam R. Solanki , Abhilasha Mangal

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) utilizes external knowledge to augment Large Language Models' (LLMs) reliability. For flexibility, agentic RAG employs autonomous, multi-round retrieval and reasoning to resolve queries. Although recent…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-11-10 Chao Zhang , Yuhao Wang , Derong Xu , Haoxin Zhang , Yuanjie Lyu , Yuhao Chen , Shuochen Liu , Tong Xu , Xiangyu Zhao , Yan Gao , Yao Hu , Enhong Chen