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Many disease models focus on characterizing the underlying transmission mechanism but make simple, possibly naive assumptions about how infections are reported. In this note, we use a simple deterministic Susceptible-Infected-Removed (SIR)…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2019-11-28 Sang Woo Park , Benjamin M. Bolker

Since their introduction, diffusion models have quickly become the prevailing approach to generative modeling in many domains. They can be interpreted as learning the gradients of a time-varying sequence of log-probability density…

Most research designing novel predictive models, or employing existing ones, assumes that training and testing data are independent and identically distributed. In practice, the data encountered at serving time often deviate from the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-30 Hanyu Duan , Yi Yang , Ahmed Abbasi , Kar Yan Tam

Training data sets intended for unsupervised anomaly detection, typically presumed to be anomaly-free, often contain anomalies (or contamination), a challenge that significantly undermines model performance. Most robust unsupervised anomaly…

A common problem in health research is that we have a large database with many variables measured on a large number of individuals. We are interested in measuring additional variables on a subsample; these measurements may be newly…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-03-22 Thomas Lumley , Tong Chen

In this paper, we consider a high-dimensional quantile regression model where the sparsity structure may differ between two sub-populations. We develop $\ell_1$-penalized estimators of both regression coefficients and the threshold…

Methodology · Statistics 2018-12-07 Sokbae Lee , Yuan Liao , Myung Hwan Seo , Youngki Shin

Despite the widespread adoption of deterministic samplers in diffusion models (DMs), their potential limitations remain largely unexplored. In this paper, we identify collapse errors, a previously unrecognized phenomenon in ODE-based…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-25 Yi Zhang , Zhenyu Liao , Jingfeng Wu , Difan Zou

The conditional distribution of the next outcome given the infinite past of a stationary process can be inferred from finite but growing segments of the past. Several schemes are known for constructing pointwise consistent estimates, but…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2016-11-17 G. Morvai , S. Yakowitz , P. Algoet

Cross-domain time series imputation is an underexplored data-centric research task that presents significant challenges, particularly when the target domain suffers from high missing rates and domain shifts in temporal dynamics. Existing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Kexin Zhang , Baoyu Jing , K. Selçuk Candan , Dawei Zhou , Qingsong Wen , Han Liu , Kaize Ding

Public health data are often spatially dependent, but standard spatial regression methods can suffer from bias and invalid inference when the independent variable is associated with spatially-correlated residuals. This could occur if, for…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-04-10 Nate Wiecha , Jane A. Hoppin , Brian J. Reich

Mutual information (MI) is a fundamental measure of statistical dependence between two variables, yet accurate estimation from finite data remains notoriously difficult. No estimator is universally reliable, and common approaches fail in…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2025-10-02 Eslam Abdelaleem , K. Michael Martini , Ilya Nemenman

Using a time series model to mimic an observed time series has a long history. However, with regard to this objective, conventional estimation methods for discrete-time dynamical models are frequently found to be wanting. In fact, they are…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2015-03-19 Yingcun Xia , Howell Tong

Researchers in empirical software engineering often make claims based on observable data such as defect reports. Unfortunately, in many cases, these claims are generalized beyond the data sets that have been evaluated. Will the researcher's…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2020-08-10 Abdul Ali Bangash , Hareem Sahar , Abram Hindle , Karim Ali

Training large-scale mixture of experts models efficiently on modern hardware requires assigning datapoints in a batch to different experts, each with a limited capacity. Recently proposed assignment procedures lack a probabilistic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-09 Wouter Kool , Chris J. Maddison , Andriy Mnih

In this work Time Series Classification techniques are investigated, and especially their applicability in applications where there are significant differences between the individuals where data is collected, and the individuals where the…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-03-31 Erik Jakobsson , Erik Frisk , Mattias Krysander , Robert Pettersson

We review basic modeling approaches for failure and maintenance data from repairable systems. In particular we consider imperfect repair models, defined in terms of virtual age processes, and the trend-renewal process which extends the…

Methodology · Statistics 2007-08-03 Bo Henry Lindqvist

This paper studies hypothesis testing and parameter estimation in the context of the divide and conquer algorithm. In a unified likelihood based framework, we propose new test statistics and point estimators obtained by aggregating various…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2015-09-21 Heather Battey , Jianqing Fan , Han Liu , Junwei Lu , Ziwei Zhu

Semantic Image Segmentation facilitates a multitude of real-world applications ranging from autonomous driving over industrial process supervision to vision aids for human beings. These models are usually trained in a supervised fashion…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-22 Volker Knauthe , Arne Rak , Tristan Wirth , Thomas Pöllabauer , Simon Metzler , Arjan Kuijper , Dieter W. Fellner

The increasing prevalence of marine pollution during the past few decades motivated recent research to help ease the situation. Typical water quality assessment requires continuous monitoring of water and sediments at remote locations with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-08 Xiaoting Xu , Tin Lai , Sayka Jahan , Farnaz Farid

Systematics contaminate observables, leading to distribution shifts relative to theoretically simulated signals-posing a major challenge for using pre-trained models to label such observables. Since systematics are often poorly understood…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2025-11-18 Sultan Hassan , Sambatra Andrianomena , Benjamin D. Wandelt