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Related papers: Grokking of Diffusion Models: Case Study on Modula…

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Generating photos satisfying multiple constraints find broad utility in the content creation industry. A key hurdle to accomplishing this task is the need for paired data consisting of all modalities (i.e., constraints) and their…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-04-21 Nithin Gopalakrishnan Nair , Wele Gedara Chaminda Bandara , Vishal M. Patel

Denoising diffusion models have proven to be a flexible and effective paradigm for generative modelling. Their recent extension to infinite dimensional Euclidean spaces has allowed for the modelling of stochastic processes. However, many…

Grokking -- the abrupt transition from memorization to generalization after prolonged training -- has been linked to confinement on low-dimensional execution manifolds in modular arithmetic. Whether this mechanism extends beyond arithmetic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-06 Yongzhong Xu

The predominant success of diffusion models in generative modeling has spurred significant interest in understanding their theoretical foundations. In this work, we propose a feature learning framework aimed at analyzing and comparing the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-03-04 Andi Han , Wei Huang , Yuan Cao , Difan Zou

We demonstrate the existence of a complexity phase transition in neural networks by studying the grokking phenomenon, where networks suddenly transition from memorization to generalization long after overfitting their training data. To…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-22 Branton DeMoss , Silvia Sapora , Jakob Foerster , Nick Hawes , Ingmar Posner

Object rearrangement, a fundamental challenge in robotics, demands versatile strategies to handle diverse objects, configurations, and functional needs. To achieve this, the AI robot needs to learn functional rearrangement priors in order…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-03-11 Yiming Zeng , Mingdong Wu , Long Yang , Jiyao Zhang , Hao Ding , Hui Cheng , Hao Dong

Detectors often suffer from performance drop due to domain gap between training and testing data. Recent methods explore diffusion models applied to domain generalization (DG) and adaptation (DA) tasks, but still struggle with large…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Boyong He , Yuxiang Ji , Zhuoyue Tan , Liaoni Wu

The latest developments in Artificial Intelligence include diffusion generative models, quite popular tools which can produce original images both unconditionally and, in some cases, conditioned by some inputs provided by the user. Apart…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-02-13 Stefano Scotta , Alberto Messina

Diffusion probabilistic models have become a cornerstone of modern generative AI, yet the mechanisms underlying their generalization remain poorly understood. In fact, if these models were perfectly minimizing their training loss, they…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Alessandro Favero , Antonio Sclocchi , Matthieu Wyart

Diffusion generative models have recently been applied to domains where the available data can be seen as a discretization of an underlying function, such as audio signals or time series. However, these models operate directly on the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-28 Gavin Kerrigan , Justin Ley , Padhraic Smyth

Diffusion models have emerged as a powerful framework for generative modeling. At the heart of the methodology is score matching: learning gradients of families of log-densities for noisy versions of the data distribution at different…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-19 Ricardo Baptista , Agnimitra Dasgupta , Nikola B. Kovachki , Assad Oberai , Andrew M. Stuart

In continual learning problems, it is often necessary to overwrite components of a neural network's learned representation in response to changes in the data stream; however, neural networks often exhibit \primacy bias, whereby early…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Clare Lyle , Gharda Sokar , Razvan Pascanu , Andras Gyorgy

Grokking in transformers trained on algorithmic tasks is characterized by a long delay between training-set fit and abrupt generalization, but the source of that delay remains poorly understood. In encoder-decoder arithmetic models, we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Laura Gomezjurado Gonzalez

Diffusion models have emerged as state-of-the-art generative methods for image synthesis, yet their potential as general-purpose feature encoders remains underexplored. Trained for denoising and generation without labels, they can be…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-21 A. Nieto Juscafresa , Á. Mazcuñán Herreros , J. Sullivan

We explore the critical data size in language models, a threshold that marks a fundamental shift from quick memorization to slow generalization. We formalize the phase transition under the grokking configuration into the Data Efficiency…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-24 Xuekai Zhu , Yao Fu , Bowen Zhou , Zhouhan Lin

In this manuscript, we consider the problem of learning a flow or diffusion-based generative model parametrized by a two-layer auto-encoder, trained with online stochastic gradient descent, on a high-dimensional target density with an…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Hugo Cui , Cengiz Pehlevan , Yue M. Lu

Masked Diffusion Models (MDMs) have emerged as one of the most promising paradigms for generative modeling over discrete domains. It is known that MDMs effectively train to decode tokens in a random order, and that this ordering has…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Prateek Garg , Bhavya Kohli , Sunita Sarawagi

Large language models can solve tasks that were not present in the training set. This capability is believed to be due to in-context learning and skill composition. In this work, we study the emergence of in-context learning and skill…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-05 Tianyu He , Darshil Doshi , Aritra Das , Andrey Gromov

The neural-network denoising functions which form the backbone of image diffusion models are remarkably consistent in their generalization behaviour across a wide variety of network architectures and training procedure hyperparameters. A…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Matthew Niedoba , Berend Zwartsenberg , Frank Wood

Popularized by their strong image generation performance, diffusion and related methods for generative modeling have found widespread success in visual media applications. In particular, diffusion methods have enabled new approaches to data…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-28 Yibo Yang , Stephan Mandt