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As large language models (LLMs) are progressively deployed in various real-world applications, personalization of LLMs has become increasingly important. While various approaches to LLM personalization such as prompt-based and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Hyungjune Bu , Chanjoo Jung , Minjae Kang , Jaehyung Kim

In practice, reinforcement learning (RL) agents are often trained with a possibly imperfect proxy reward function, which may lead to a human-agent alignment issue (i.e., the learned policy either converges to non-optimal performance with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-10 Zhaohui Jiang , Xuening Feng , Paul Weng , Yifei Zhu , Yan Song , Tianze Zhou , Yujing Hu , Tangjie Lv , Changjie Fan

We consider the problem of learning preferences over trajectories for mobile manipulators such as personal robots and assembly line robots. The preferences we learn are more intricate than simple geometric constraints on trajectories; they…

Robotics · Computer Science 2016-01-06 Ashesh Jain , Shikhar Sharma , Thorsten Joachims , Ashutosh Saxena

Preference learning is critical for aligning large language models (LLMs) with human values, yet its success hinges on high-quality datasets comprising three core components: Preference \textbf{A}nnotations, \textbf{I}nstructions, and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Bingxiang He , Wenbin Zhang , Jiaxi Song , Cheng Qian , Zixuan Fu , Bowen Sun , Ning Ding , Haiwen Hong , Longtao Huang , Hui Xue , Ganqu Cui , Wanxiang Che , Zhiyuan Liu , Maosong Sun

Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback and its variants excel in aligning with human intentions to generate helpful, harmless, and honest responses. However, most of them rely on costly human-annotated pairwise comparisons for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-19 Hongyu Yang , Qi Zhao , Zhenhua hu , Rui Li

Language agents have demonstrated autonomous decision-making abilities by reasoning with foundation models. Recently, efforts have been made to train language agents for performance improvement, with multi-step reasoning and action…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-04-02 Zonghan Yang , Peng Li , Ming Yan , Ji Zhang , Fei Huang , Yang Liu

We investigate active learning with access to two distinct oracles: Label (which is standard) and Search (which is not). The Search oracle models the situation where a human searches a database to seed or counterexample an existing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-10-25 Alina Beygelzimer , Daniel Hsu , John Langford , Chicheng Zhang

Driven by advances in Large Language Models (LLMs), integrating them into recommendation tasks has gained interest due to their strong semantic understanding and prompt flexibility. Prior work encoded user-item interactions or metadata into…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Keyu Zhao , Fengli Xu , Yong Li

Effective coordination among unfamiliar partners remains a major challenge in multi-agent systems. Existing approaches, such as population-based methods, improve robustness through diversity but often lack mechanisms for efficient…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Huai-Chih Wang , Hsiang-Chun Chuang , Hsi-Chun Cheng , Dai-Jie Wu , Shao-Hua Sun

Personalized programming tutoring, such as exercise recommendation, can enhance learners' efficiency, motivation, and outcomes, which is increasingly important in modern digital education. However, the lack of sufficient and high-quality…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-28 Yi Zhan , Qi Liu , Weibo Gao , Zheng Zhang , Tianfu Wang , Shuanghong Shen , Junyu Lu , Zhenya Huang

Preference alignment in Large Language Models (LLMs) has significantly improved their ability to adhere to human instructions and intentions. However, existing direct alignment algorithms primarily focus on relative preferences and often…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-13 Shenao Zhang , Zhihan Liu , Boyi Liu , Yufeng Zhang , Yingxiang Yang , Yongfei Liu , Liyu Chen , Tao Sun , Zhaoran Wang

Emerging 6G networks rely on complex cross-layer optimization, yet manually translating high-level intents into mathematical formulations remains a bottleneck. While Large Language Models (LLMs) offer promise, monolithic approaches often…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-28 Haoyun Li , Ming Xiao , Kezhi Wang , Robert Schober , Dong In Kim , Yong Liang Guan

Real-world domain experts (e.g., doctors) rarely annotate only a decision label in their day-to-day workflow without providing explanations. Yet, existing low-resource learning techniques, such as Active Learning (AL), that aim to support…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-24 Bingsheng Yao , Ishan Jindal , Lucian Popa , Yannis Katsis , Sayan Ghosh , Lihong He , Yuxuan Lu , Shashank Srivastava , Yunyao Li , James Hendler , Dakuo Wang

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in tool learning. In real-world scenarios, user queries are often ambiguous and incomplete, requiring effective clarification. However, existing interactive…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-12 Xuan Zhang , Yongliang Shen , Zhe Zheng , Linjuan Wu , Wenqi Zhang , Yuchen Yan , Qiuying Peng , Jun Wang , Weiming Lu

Annotating large datasets can be challenging. However, crowd-sourcing is often expensive and can lack quality, especially for non-trivial tasks. We propose a method of using LLMs as few-shot learners for annotating data in a complex natural…

Traditional reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF) for large language models (LLMs) relies on expensive human-annotated datasets, while Reinforcement Learning from AI Feedback (RLAIF) also incurs significant costs, requiring the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-09 Shangjian Yin , Zhepei Wei , Xinyu Zhu , Wei-Lin Chen , Yu Meng

Aligning language models with human preferences through reinforcement learning from human feedback is crucial for their safe and effective deployment. The human preference is typically represented through comparison where one response is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Hoang Anh Just , Ming Jin , Anit Sahu , Huy Phan , Ruoxi Jia

Pareto set learning (PSL) is an emerging paradigm in multi-objective optimization that trains neural networks to map preference vectors to Pareto optimal solutions. However, existing PSL methods primarily focus on solving a single…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Xinyue Chen , Yingxuan Liang , Yiqin Huang , Chikai Shang , Hai-Lin Liu , Fangqing Gu

Previous LLMs-based RL studies typically follow either supervised learning with high annotation costs, or unsupervised paradigms using voting or entropy-based rewards. However, their performance remains far from satisfactory due to the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Zhiyin Yu , Bo Zhang , Qibin Hou , Zhonghai Wu , Xiao Luo , Lei Bai

While astonishingly capable, large Language Models (LLM) can sometimes produce outputs that deviate from human expectations. Such deviations necessitate an alignment phase to prevent disseminating untruthful, toxic, or biased information.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-30 Long Tan Le , Han Shu , Tung-Anh Nguyen , Choong Seon Hong , Nguyen H. Tran
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