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The aim of this article is to promote the use of probabilistic methods in the study of problems in mathematical general relativity. Two new and simple singularity theorems, whose features are different from the classical singularity…

Probability · Mathematics 2011-02-21 Ismael Bailleul

It is shown that for a central potential that is an injective function of the radial coordinate, a second central potential can be found that leads to trajectories in the configuration space and the momentum space coinciding, respectively,…

Classical Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 G. F. Torres del Castillo , I. Rubalcava Garcia

We combine the concepts of modal logics and many-valued logics in a general and comprehensive way. Namely, given any finite linearly ordered set of truth values and any set of propositional connectives defined by truth tables, we define the…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2025-01-03 Amir Karniel , Michael Kaminski

In this work we present a new family of options (mirror options) specially crafted to satisfy the necessities of aggressive speculators. The main ideas behind mirror options are: 1) A product that can be adjusted by the holder to agree with…

Condensed Matter · Physics 2007-05-23 Julian Manzano

A complex potential is a holomorphic function $\Omega:\mathbb{C} \to \mathbb{C}$ whose real and imaginary parts generate a pair of orthogonal foliations, representing the equipotential lines and the streamlines of $\dot{z} =…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2026-01-08 Gabriel Rondón , Paulo R. da Silva

Probabilistic separation logic offers an approach to reasoning about imperative probabilistic programs in which a separating conjunction is used as a mechanism for expressing independence properties. Crucial to the effectiveness of the…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Janez Ignacij Jereb , Alex Simpson

We define a family of intuitionistic non-normal modal logics; they can bee seen as intuitionistic counterparts of classical ones. We first consider monomodal logics, which contain only one between Necessity and Possibility. We then consider…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2019-01-30 Tiziano Dalmonte , Charles Grellois , Nicola Olivetti

The positive operator (valued) measures (POMs) allow one to generalize the notion of observable beyond the traditional one based on projection valued measures (PVMs). Here, we argue that this generalized conception of observable enables a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-01-04 Paul Busch , Gregg Jaeger

Possibilistic logic has been proposed as a numerical formalism for reasoning with uncertainty. There has been interest in developing qualitative accounts of possibility, as well as an explanation of the relationship between possibility and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2013-03-25 Craig Boutilier

Probabilistic justification logic is a modal logic with two kind of modalities: probability measures and explicit justification terms. We present a tableau procedure that can be used to decide the satisfiability problem for this logic in…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2017-08-15 Ioannis Kokkinis

The multiplicative theory of a set of numbers (which could be natural, integer, rational, real or complex numbers) is the first-order theory of the structure of that set with (solely) the multiplication operation (that set is taken to be…

Logic · Mathematics 2021-11-30 Saeed Salehi

Logical bilateralism challenges traditional concepts of logic by treating assertion and denial as independent yet opposed acts. While initially devised to justify classical logic, its constructive variants show that both acts admit…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Victor Barroso-Nascimento , Maria Osório , Elaine Pimentel

Is a logicist bound to the claim that as a matter of analytic truth there is an actual infinity of objects? If Hume's Principle is analytic then in the standard setting the answer appears to be yes. Hodes's work pointed to a way out by…

Logic · Mathematics 2021-01-13 Will Stafford

Graded modal logic is the formal language obtained from ordinary (propositional) modal logic by endowing its modal operators with cardinality constraints. Under the familiar possible-worlds semantics, these augmented modal operators receive…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2024-04-24 Yevgeny Kazakov , Ian Pratt-Hartmann

Probability theory as extended logic is completed such that essentially any probability may be determined. This is done by considering propositional logic (as opposed to predicate logic) as syntactically suffcient and imposing a symmetry…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2014-08-12 Cael L. Hasse

Recently, it has been emphasized that the possibility theory framework allows us to distinguish between i) what is possible because it is not ruled out by the available knowledge, and ii) what is possible for sure. This distinction may be…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2013-01-07 Salem Benferhat , Didier Dubois , Souhila Kaci , Henri Prade

We present a method for using standard techniques from satisfiability checking to automatically verify and discover theorems in an area of economic theory known as ranking sets of objects. The key question in this area, which has important…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2014-01-17 Christian Geist , Ulle Endriss

In this paper, I develop a novel version of the multiverse theory of sets called hierarchical pluralism by introducing the notion of `degrees of intentionality' of theories. The presented view is articulated for the purpose of reconciling…

Logic · Mathematics 2023-12-01 Ahmet Çevik

The exact bound state spectrum of rationally extended shape invariant real as well as $PT$ symmetric complex potentials are obtained by using potential group approach. The generators of the potential groups are modified by introducing a new…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-09-25 Rajesh Kumar Yadav , Nisha Kumari , Avinash Khare , Bhabani Prasad Mandal

We use the law of total variance to generate multiple expansions for the posterior predictive variance. These expansions are sums of terms involving conditional expectations and conditional variances and provide a quantification of the…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2026-03-23 Sanjay Chaudhuri , Dean Dustin , Bertrand Clarke