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Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved impressive reasoning abilities, but struggle with temporal understanding, especially when questions involve multiple entities, compound operators, and evolving event sequences. Temporal Knowledge…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Xingyu Tan , Xiaoyang Wang , Qing Liu , Xiwei Xu , Xin Yuan , Liming Zhu , Wenjie Zhang

Temporal reasoning over tabular data presents substantial challenges for large language models (LLMs), as evidenced by recent research. In this study, we conduct a comprehensive analysis of temporal datasets to pinpoint the specific…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-24 Irwin Deng , Kushagra Dixit , Vivek Gupta , Dan Roth

Video Large Language Models (Video LLMs) have shown promising capabilities in video comprehension, yet they struggle with tracking temporal changes and reasoning about temporal relationships. While previous research attributed this…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-10 Lei Li , Yuanxin Liu , Linli Yao , Peiyuan Zhang , Chenxin An , Lean Wang , Xu Sun , Lingpeng Kong , Qi Liu

With the advancement of large language models (LLMs), diverse time series analysis tasks are reformulated as time series question answering (TSQA) through a unified natural language interface. However, existing LLM-based approaches largely…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Chen Su , Yuanhe Tian , Yan Song

Complex numerical time series analysis often demands multi-step reasoning capabilities beyond current models' reach. Tasks like medical diagnosis and weather forecasting require sequential reasoning processes - including counterfactual…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Felix Parker , Nimeesha Chan , Chi Zhang , Kimia Ghobadi

Given the significant potential of large language models (LLMs) in sequence modeling, emerging studies have begun applying them to time-series forecasting. Despite notable progress, existing methods still face two critical challenges: 1)…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-01-09 Pengfei Wang , Huanran Zheng , Qi'ao Xu , Silong Dai , Yiqiao Wang , Wenjing Yue , Wei Zhu , Tianwen Qian , Xiaoling Wang

The adaptation of large language models (LLMs) to time series forecasting poses unique challenges, as time series data is continuous in nature, while LLMs operate on discrete tokens. Despite the success of LLMs in natural language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Taibiao Zhao , Xiaobing Chen , Mingxuan Sun

Time series classification is a task of paramount importance, as this kind of data often arises in safety-critical applications. However, it is typically tackled with black-box deep learning methods, making it hard for humans to understand…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-28 Irene Ferfoglia , Simone Silvetti , Gaia Saveri , Laura Nenzi , Luca Bortolussi

Although perception systems have made remarkable advancements in recent years, they still rely on explicit human instruction or pre-defined categories to identify the target objects before executing visual recognition tasks. Such systems…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-02 Xin Lai , Zhuotao Tian , Yukang Chen , Yanwei Li , Yuhui Yuan , Shu Liu , Jiaya Jia

Recently, Large Language Models (LLMs) have introduced a novel paradigm in Time Series Analysis (TSA), leveraging strong language capabilities to support tasks such as forecasting and anomaly detection. However, these analysis tasks cannot…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Wei Li , Zhe Xie , Yuxuan Liang , Xinli Hao , Yunyao Cheng , Dan Pei , Xiaofeng Meng

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated powerful reasoning capabilities through Chain-of-Thought (CoT) in various tasks, yet the inefficiency of token-by-token generation hinders real-world deployment in latency-sensitive recommender…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Yiwen Chen , Fuwei Zhang , Zehao Chen , Deqing Wang , Hehan Li , Peizhi Xu , Hanmeng Liu , Shuanglong Li , Xin Pei , Fuzhen Zhuang , Zhao Zhang

Recent advancements in Vision-Language (VL) research have sparked new benchmarks for complex visual reasoning, challenging models' advanced reasoning ability. Traditional Vision-Language Models (VLMs) perform well in visual perception tasks…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-24 Zhiyuan Li , Dongnan Liu , Chaoyi Zhang , Heng Wang , Tengfei Xue , Weidong Cai

Time series reasoning demands both the perception of complex dynamics and logical depth. However, existing LLM-based approaches exhibit two limitations: they often treat time series merely as text or images, failing to capture the patterns…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Junkai Lu , Peng Chen , Xingjian Wu , Yang Shu , Chenjuan Guo , Christian S. Jensen , Bin Yang

Inducing reasoning in multimodal large language models (MLLMs) is critical for achieving human-level perception and understanding. Existing methods mainly leverage LLM reasoning to analyze parsed visuals, often limited by static perception…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-26 Ziang Yan , Xinhao Li , Yinan He , Zhengrong Yue , Xiangyu Zeng , Yali Wang , Yu Qiao , Limin Wang , Yi Wang

Time-series representation learning is a fundamental task for time-series analysis. While significant progress has been made to achieve accurate representations for downstream applications, the learned representations often lack…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-05-24 Yuening Li , Zhengzhang Chen , Daochen Zha , Mengnan Du , Denghui Zhang , Haifeng Chen , Xia Hu

Spatio-temporal forecasting plays a crucial role in various sectors such as transportation systems, logistics, and supply chain management. However, existing methods are limited by their ability to handle large, complex datasets. To…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-27 Sakhinana Sagar Srinivas , Chidaksh Ravuru , Geethan Sannidhi , Venkataramana Runkana

Real-world multimodal learning is often hindered by missing modalities. While Incomplete Multimodal Learning (IML) has gained traction, existing methods typically rely on the unrealistic assumption of full-modal availability during training…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-04 Huangbiao Xu , Huanqi Wu , Xiao Ke , Yuxin Peng

Large language models (LLMs) have showcased remarkable reasoning capabilities, yet they remain susceptible to errors, particularly in temporal reasoning tasks involving complex temporal logic. Existing research has explored LLM performance…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-14 Bahare Fatemi , Mehran Kazemi , Anton Tsitsulin , Karishma Malkan , Jinyeong Yim , John Palowitch , Sungyong Seo , Jonathan Halcrow , Bryan Perozzi

Language models are now capable of solving tasks that require dealing with long sequences consisting of hundreds of thousands of tokens. However, they often fail on tasks that require repetitive use of simple rules, even on sequences that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-21 Mirelle Bueno , Roberto Lotufo , Rodrigo Nogueira

Time series data is fundamental to decision-making across many domains including healthcare, finance, power systems, and logistics. However, analyzing this data correctly often requires incorporating unstructured contextual information,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Felix Parker , Nimeesha Chan , Chi Zhang , Kimia Ghobadi