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Aligning language models with human preferences through reinforcement learning from human feedback is crucial for their safe and effective deployment. The human preference is typically represented through comparison where one response is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Hoang Anh Just , Ming Jin , Anit Sahu , Huy Phan , Ruoxi Jia

Human feedback plays a pivotal role in aligning large language models (LLMs) with human preferences. However, such feedback is often noisy or inconsistent, which can degrade the quality of reward models and hinder alignment. While various…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-15 Samuel Yeh , Sharon Li

Large language models are often ranked according to their level of alignment with human preferences -- a model is better than other models if its outputs are more frequently preferred by humans. One of the popular ways to elicit human…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-05 Ivi Chatzi , Eleni Straitouri , Suhas Thejaswi , Manuel Gomez Rodriguez

With the rapid advancement of large language models, evaluating human-likeness in open-ended conversation has become increasingly important. However, human-likeness is a form of tacit knowledge that humans perceive intuitively, yet the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Yihang Lin , Yunze Gao , Zeyang Lin , Dongbo Li , Kun Peng , Chenglong Song , Yue Liu

LLM-based agents score well on search benchmarks, yet real users consistently find results unsatisfying, revealing a persistent evaluation-experience gap. We attribute this gap to existing benchmarks' reliance on over-specified queries,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Xiaohongshu Inc

User-item interaction histories are pivotal for sequential recommendation systems but often include noise, such as unintended clicks or actions that fail to reflect genuine user preferences. To address this, we propose Learned Item…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-11-27 Haidong Xin , Zhenghao Liu , Sen Mei , Yukun Yan , Shi Yu , Shuo Wang , Zulong Chen , Yu Gu , Ge Yu , Chenyan Xiong

Current preference learning methods achieve high accuracy on standard benchmarks but exhibit significant performance degradation when objective quality signals are removed. We introduce WritingPreferenceBench, a dataset of 1,800…

Longitudinal health agents must reason across multi-source trajectories that combine continuous device streams, sparse clinical exams, and episodic life events - yet evaluating them is hard: real-world data cannot be released at scale, and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-06 Chao Li , Cailiang Liu , Ang Gao , Kexin Deng , Shu Zhang , Langping Xu , Xiaotong Shi , Xionghao Ding , Jian Pei , Xun Jiang

Personalized image generation holds great promise in assisting humans in everyday work and life due to its impressive ability to creatively generate personalized content across various contexts. However, current evaluations either are…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Yuang Peng , Yuxin Cui , Haomiao Tang , Zekun Qi , Runpei Dong , Jing Bai , Chunrui Han , Zheng Ge , Xiangyu Zhang , Shu-Tao Xia

Although humans inherently have diverse values, current large language model (LLM) alignment methods often assume that aligning LLMs with the general public's preferences is optimal. A major challenge in adopting a more individualized…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-06 Seongyun Lee , Sue Hyun Park , Seungone Kim , Minjoon Seo

Large foundation models pretrained on raw web-scale data are not readily deployable without additional step of extensive alignment to human preferences. Such alignment is typically done by collecting large amounts of pairwise comparisons…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-13 Daiwei Chen , Yi Chen , Aniket Rege , Ramya Korlakai Vinayak

Designers of digital solutions increasingly consult Large Language Models (LLMs) for their work. However, it remains unclear how this may affect the user experiences they produce and there are no established practices. We investigate how…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Eduard Kuric , Peter Demcak , Matus Krajcovic

User simulation is increasingly vital to develop and evaluate recommender systems (RSs). While Large Language Models (LLMs) offer promising avenues to simulate user behavior, they often struggle with the absence of specific task alignment…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-04-20 Tianjun Wei , Huizhong Guo , Yingpeng Du , Zhu Sun , Huang Chen , Dongxia Wang , Jie Zhang

Empowering large language models with long-term memory is crucial for building agents that adapt to users' evolving needs. Existing evaluations of this capability typically interleave preference-related dialogues with irrelevant…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Shuochen Liu , Junyi Zhu , Long Shu , Junda Lin , Yuhao Chen , Haotian Zhang , Chao Zhang , Derong Xu , Jia Li , Bo Tang , Zhiyu Li , Feiyu Xiong , Enhong Chen , Tong Xu

Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF) has become a pivotal paradigm in artificial intelligence to align large models with human preferences. In this paper, we propose a novel statistical framework to simultaneously conduct the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-05-01 Nan Lu , Ethan Lee , Ethan X. Fang , Junwei Lu

Large Language Model (LLM) agents, while proficient in the digital realm, face a significant gap in physical-world deployment due to the challenge of forming and maintaining a robust spatial mental model. We identify three core cognitive…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-05 Huan-ang Gao , Zikang Zhang , Tianwei Luo , Kaisen Yang , Xinzhe Juan , Jiahao Qiu , Tianxing Chen , Bingxiang He , Hao Zhao , Hao Zhou , Shilong Liu , Mengdi Wang

Evaluating the abilities of large language models (LLMs) for tasks that require long-term memory and thus long-context reasoning, for example in conversational settings, is hampered by the existing benchmarks, which often lack narrative…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Mohammad Tavakoli , Alireza Salemi , Carrie Ye , Mohamed Abdalla , Hamed Zamani , J Ross Mitchell

Next-generation visual assistants, such as smart glasses, embodied agents, and always-on life-logging systems, must reason over an entire day or more of continuous visual experience. In ultra-long video settings, relevant information is…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Ziyang Wang , Yue Zhang , Shoubin Yu , Ce Zhang , Zengqi Zhao , Jaehong Yoon , Hyunji Lee , Gedas Bertasius , Mohit Bansal

Large language models (LLMs) are helping millions of users write texts about diverse issues, and in doing so expose users to different ideas and perspectives. This creates concerns about issue bias, where an LLM tends to present just one…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-11 Paul Röttger , Musashi Hinck , Valentin Hofmann , Kobi Hackenburg , Valentina Pyatkin , Faeze Brahman , Dirk Hovy

Video large language models (Video-LLMs) have made strong progress in general video understanding, but their ability to maintain temporal object consistency remains underexplored. Existing benchmarks often emphasize event recognition,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Junzhe Chen , Siyuan Meng , Yuxi Chen , Man Zhao , Wenyao Gui , Xiaojie Guo