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Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) enable interaction over both text and images, but their safety behavior can be driven by unimodal shortcuts instead of true joint intent understanding. We introduce CSR-Bench, a benchmark for…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Yuxuan Liu , Yuntian Shi , Kun Wang , Haoting Shen , Kun Yang

While Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have achieved remarkable progress in open-ended visual question answering, they remain vulnerable to hallucinations. These are outputs that contradict or misrepresent input semantics, posing a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Jianjiang Yang , Yanshu li , Ziyan Huang

The visual commonsense reasoning (VCR) task is to choose an answer and provide a justifying rationale based on the given image and textural question. Representative works first recognize objects in images and then associate them with key…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-27 Jian Zhu , Hanli Wang , Miaojing Shi

Multi-modal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have recently achieved enhanced performance across various vision-language tasks including visual grounding capabilities. However, the adversarial robustness of visual grounding remains unexplored…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-17 Kuofeng Gao , Yang Bai , Jiawang Bai , Yong Yang , Shu-Tao Xia

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) perform well in single-image visual grounding but struggle with real-world tasks that demand cross-image reasoning and multi-modal instructions. To address this, we adopt a reinforcement learning…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Bob Zhang , Haoran Li , Tao Zhang , Jianan Li , Cilin Yan , Xikai Liu , Jiayin Cai , Yanbin Hao

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have achieved significant advances in integrating visual and linguistic information, yet their ability to reason about complex and real-world scenarios remains limited. The existing benchmarks are…

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have displayed remarkable performance in multi-modal tasks, particularly in visual comprehension. However, we reveal that MLLMs often generate incorrect answers even when they understand the visual…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-20 Yexin Liu , Zhengyang Liang , Yueze Wang , Xianfeng Wu , Feilong Tang , Muyang He , Jian Li , Zheng Liu , Harry Yang , Sernam Lim , Bo Zhao

In this paper, we advance the study of AI-augmented reasoning in the context of Human-Computer Interaction (HCI), psychology and cognitive science, focusing on the critical task of visual perception. Specifically, we investigate the…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-04-18 Shravan Chaudhari , Trilokya Akula , Yoon Kim , Tom Blake

Multi-modal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have advanced greatly in general tasks. However, they still face challenges in geometric reasoning, a task that requires synergistic integration of visual recognition proficiency and complex…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Zhihao Li , Yao Du , Yang Liu , Yan Zhang , Yufang Liu , Mengdi Zhang , Xunliang Cai , Charles Ling , Boyu Wang

Can Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) discern confused objects that are visually present but audio-absent? To study this, we introduce a new benchmark, AV-ConfuseBench, which simulates an ``Audio-Visual Confusion'' scene by modifying…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-14 Qilang Ye , Wei Zeng , Meng Liu , Jie Zhang , Yupeng Hu , Zitong Yu , Yu Zhou

This paper presents the first-ever study of adapting compressed image latents to suit the needs of downstream vision tasks that adopt Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs). MLLMs have extended the success of large language models to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Chia-Hao Kao , Cheng Chien , Yu-Jen Tseng , Yi-Hsin Chen , Alessandro Gnutti , Shao-Yuan Lo , Wen-Hsiao Peng , Riccardo Leonardi

The remote sensing image intelligence understanding model is undergoing a new profound paradigm shift which has been promoted by multi-modal large language model (MLLM), i.e. from the paradigm learning a domain model (LaDM) shifts to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-19 Linrui Xu , Ling Zhao , Wang Guo , Qiujun Li , Kewang Long , Kaiqi Zou , Yuhan Wang , Haifeng Li

Multimodal representation learning has been largely driven by contrastive models such as CLIP, which learn a shared embedding space by aligning paired image-text samples. While effective for general-purpose representation learning, such…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Yang Qiao , Yuntong Hu , Bowen Zhu , Hasibul Haque , Liang Zhao

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have demonstrated exceptional capabilities in high-level visual understanding. However, extending these models to fine-grained dense prediction tasks, such as semantic segmentation and depth…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Yi Li , Hongze Shen , Lexiang Tang , Xin Li , Xinpeng Ding , Yinsong Liu , Deqiang Jiang , Xing Sun , Xiaomeng Li

There is an increasing number of real-world problems in computer vision and machine learning requiring to take into consideration multiple interpretation layers (modalities or views) of the world and learn how they relate to each other. For…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-02-14 Alexandru-Raul Todoran , Marius Leordeanu

Despite great progress, existing multimodal large language models (MLLMs) are prone to visual hallucination, greatly impeding their trustworthy applications. In this paper, we study this problem from the perspective of visual-spatial…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Qiong Wu , Xiangcong Yang , Yiyi Zhou , Chenxin Fang , Baiyang Song , Xiaoshuai Sun , Rongrong Ji

This survey and application guide to multimodal large language models(MLLMs) explores the rapidly developing field of MLLMs, examining their architectures, applications, and impact on AI and Generative Models. Starting with foundational…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Chia Xin Liang , Pu Tian , Caitlyn Heqi Yin , Yao Yua , Wei An-Hou , Li Ming , Xinyuan Song , Tianyang Wang , Ziqian Bi , Ming Liu

Modern astronomical observatories generate a massive volume of multimodal data, creating a critical bottleneck for expert human review. While multimodal large language models (LLMs) have shown promise in interpreting complex visual and…

As multimodal large language models (MLLMs) advance rapidly, rigorous evaluation has become essential, providing further guidance for their development. In this work, we focus on a unified and robust evaluation of \textbf{vision perception}…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Feng Chen , Chenhui Gou , Jing Liu , Yang Yang , Zhaoyang Li , Jiyuan Zhang , Zhenbang Sun , Bohan Zhuang , Qi Wu

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) need efficient mechanisms to update knowledge without degrading existing capabilities. While intrinsic multimodal knowledge editing achieves strong reliability and locality, it often exhibits limited…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-25 Haoyuan Wang , Xiaohao Liu , Jiajie Su , Jianmao Xiao , Chaochao Chen