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Maintaining predictive accuracy in non-stationary environments requires online model selection to adapt autonomously to unknown distribution shifts. However, existing tuning-free algorithms face a fundamental trade-off between robustness…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Kei Takemura , Ryuta Matsuno , Keita Sakuma

This paper studies online optimization from a high-level unified theoretical perspective. We not only generalize both Optimistic-DA and Optimistic-MD in normed vector space, but also unify their analysis methods for dynamic regret. Regret…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-15 Qing-xin Meng , Jian-wei Liu

The performance of online convex optimization algorithms in a dynamic environment is often expressed in terms of the dynamic regret, which measures the decision maker's performance against a sequence of time-varying comparators. In the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-28 Nima Eshraghi , Ben Liang

State-of-the-art efficient model-based Reinforcement Learning (RL) algorithms typically act by iteratively solving empirical models, i.e., by performing \emph{full-planning} on Markov Decision Processes (MDPs) built by the gathered…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-11-01 Yonathan Efroni , Nadav Merlis , Mohammad Ghavamzadeh , Shie Mannor

Reinforcement learning with human feedback (RLHF), which learns a reward model from human preference data and then optimizes a policy to favor preferred responses, has emerged as a central paradigm for aligning large language models (LLMs)…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-09-29 Gen Li , Yuling Yan

This paper investigates the problem of regret minimization in linear time-varying (LTV) dynamical systems. Due to the simultaneous presence of uncertainty and non-stationarity, designing online control algorithms for unknown LTV systems…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-07 Yuzhen Han , Ruben Solozabal , Jing Dong , Xingyu Zhou , Martin Takac , Bin Gu

We study the problem of uncertainty quantification via prediction sets, in an online setting where the data distribution may vary arbitrarily over time. Recent work develops online conformal prediction techniques that leverage regret…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-16 Aadyot Bhatnagar , Huan Wang , Caiming Xiong , Yu Bai

Recent literature has made much progress in understanding \emph{online LQR}: a modern learning-theoretic take on the classical control problem in which a learner attempts to optimally control an unknown linear dynamical system with fully…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-06 Max Simchowitz

The design of effective online caching policies is an increasingly important problem for content distribution networks, online social networks and edge computing services, among other areas. This paper proposes a new algorithmic toolbox for…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2022-10-21 Naram Mhaisen , George Iosifidis , Douglas Leith

Language model alignment methods such as reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF) have led to impressive advances in language model capabilities, but are limited by a widely observed phenomenon known as overoptimization, where the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-19 Audrey Huang , Wenhao Zhan , Tengyang Xie , Jason D. Lee , Wen Sun , Akshay Krishnamurthy , Dylan J. Foster

Reverse Kullback-Leibler (KL) divergence-based regularization with respect to a fixed reference policy is widely used in modern reinforcement learning to preserve the desired traits of the reference policy and sometimes to promote…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-05 Anupam Nayak , Tong Yang , Osman Yagan , Gauri Joshi , Yuejie Chi

We study online fair allocation of $T$ sequentially arriving items among $n$ agents with heterogeneous preferences, with the objective of maximizing generalized-mean welfare, defined as the $p$-mean of agents' time-averaged utilities, with…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2026-02-12 Zongjun Yang , Rachitesh Kumar , Christian Kroer

In this paper, we study dynamic regret in unconstrained online convex optimization (OCO) with movement costs. Specifically, we generalize the standard setting by allowing the movement cost coefficients $\lambda_t$ to vary arbitrarily over…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-09 Emmanuel Esposito , Andrew Jacobsen , Hao Qiu , Mengxiao Zhang

Non-stationary online learning has drawn much attention in recent years. In particular, dynamic regret and adaptive regret are proposed as two principled performance measures for online convex optimization in non-stationary environments. To…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-10 Peng Zhao , Yan-Feng Xie , Lijun Zhang , Zhi-Hua Zhou

Reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF) replaces hard-to-specify rewards with pairwise trajectory preferences, yet regret-oriented theory often assumes that preference labels are generated consistently from a single ground-truth…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-03 Ming Shi , Yingbin Liang , Ness B. Shroff , Ananthram Swami

We consider the general problem of online convex optimization with time-varying additive constraints in the presence of predictions for the next cost and constraint functions. A novel primal-dual algorithm is designed by combining a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-01-11 Daron Anderson , George Iosifidis , Douglas J. Leith

We consider the problem of contextual online RLHF with general preferences, where the goal is to identify the Nash Equilibrium. We adopt the Generalized Bilinear Preference Model (GBPM) to capture potentially intransitive preferences via…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-06 Junghyun Lee , Minju Hong , Kwang-Sung Jun , Chulhee Yun , Se-Young Yun

We investigate the problem of online convex optimization with unknown delays, in which the feedback of a decision arrives with an arbitrary delay. Previous studies have presented a delayed variant of online gradient descent (OGD), and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-23 Yuanyu Wan , Wei-Wei Tu , Lijun Zhang

We consider bidding in repeated Bayesian first-price auctions. Bidding algorithms that achieve optimal regret have been extensively studied, but their strategic robustness to the seller's manipulation remains relatively underexplored.…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2026-02-13 Yang Cai , Haipeng Luo , Chen-Yu Wei , Weiqiang Zheng

In this work we consider the online control of a known linear dynamic system with adversarial disturbance and adversarial controller cost. The goal in online control is to minimize the regret, defined as the difference between cumulative…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-10-15 Deepan Muthirayan , Jianjun Yuan , Pramod P. Khargonekar