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Particularly in low-data regimes, an outstanding challenge in machine learning is developing principled techniques for augmenting our models with suitable priors. This is to encourage them to learn in ways that are compatible with our…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-25 Kristy Choi , Chris Cundy , Sanjari Srivastava , Stefano Ermon

Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL) is a widely used technique for optimization in decentralised control problems. However, most applications of MARL are in static environments, and are not suitable when agent behaviour and…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2014-09-17 Andrei Marinescu , Ivana Dusparic , Adam Taylor , Vinny Cahill , Siobhán Clarke

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated emergent common-sense reasoning and Theory of Mind (ToM) capabilities, making them promising candidates for developing coordination agents. This study introduces the LLM-Coordination Benchmark,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-30 Saaket Agashe , Yue Fan , Anthony Reyna , Xin Eric Wang

Computational models of emergent communication in agent populations are currently gaining interest in the machine learning community due to recent advances in Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL). Current contributions are however…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2020-10-28 Clément Moulin-Frier , Pierre-Yves Oudeyer

Multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) has achieved significant progress in large-scale traffic control, autonomous vehicles, and robotics. Drawing inspiration from biological systems where roles naturally emerge to enable coordination,…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Harsh Goel , Mohammad Omama , Behdad Chalaki , Vaishnav Tadiparthi , Ehsan Moradi Pari , Sandeep Chinchali

As Large Language Models (LLMs) get integrated into diverse workflows, they are increasingly being regarded as "collaborators" with humans, and required to work in coordination with other AI systems. If such AI collaborators are to reliably…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-23 Abhijnan Nath , Carine Graff , Nikhil Krishnaswamy

We consider the problem of \emph{fully decentralized} multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL), where the agents are located at the nodes of a time-varying communication network. Specifically, we assume that the reward functions of the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-02-28 Kaiqing Zhang , Zhuoran Yang , Han Liu , Tong Zhang , Tamer Başar

Can large language model (LLM) agents reproduce the complex social dynamics that characterize human online behavior -- shaped by homophily, reciprocity, and social validation -- and what memory and learning mechanisms enable such dynamics…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-23 Philipp J. Schneider , Lin Tian , Marian-Andrei Rizoiu

Memory emerges as the core module in the Large Language Model (LLM)-based agents for long-horizon complex tasks (e.g., multi-turn dialogue, game playing, scientific discovery), where memory can enable knowledge accumulation, iterative…

Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL) provides a powerful framework for learning coordination in multi-agent systems. However, applying MARL to robotics still remains challenging due to high-dimensional continuous joint action spaces,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-10-03 Seoyeon Choi , Kanghyun Ryu , Jonghoon Ock , Negar Mehr

Training a multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) algorithm is more challenging than training a single-agent reinforcement learning algorithm, because the result of a multi-agent task strongly depends on the complex interactions among…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-01-19 Heechang Ryu , Hayong Shin , Jinkyoo Park

Large Language Models (LLMs) offer significant promise for intelligent traffic management; however, current chain-based systems like TrafficGPT are hindered by sequential task execution, high token usage, and poor scalability, making them…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-21 Nabil Abdelaziz Ferhat Taleb , Abdolazim Rezaei , Raj Atulkumar Patel , Mehdi Sookhak

In numerous artificial intelligence applications, the collaborative efforts of multiple intelligent agents are imperative for the successful attainment of target objectives. To enhance coordination among these agents, a distributed…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-15 Shengchao Hu , Li Shen , Ya Zhang , Dacheng Tao

Large Language Models (LLMs) like GPT-4 have revolutionized natural language processing, showing remarkable linguistic proficiency and reasoning capabilities. However, their application in strategic multi-agent decision-making environments…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-29 Chuanhao Li , Runhan Yang , Tiankai Li , Milad Bafarassat , Kourosh Sharifi , Dirk Bergemann , Zhuoran Yang

Large Language Models (LLMs) based agent systems have made great strides in real-world applications beyond traditional NLP tasks. This paper proposes a new LLM-based Multi-Agent System (LLM-MAS) benchmark, Collab-Overcooked, built on the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Haochen Sun , Shuwen Zhang , Lujie Niu , Lei Ren , Hao Xu , Hao Fu , Fangkun Zhao , Caixia Yuan , Xiaojie Wang

The behavioral dynamics of multi-agent systems have a rich and orderly structure, which can be leveraged to understand these systems, and to improve how artificial agents learn to operate in them. Here we introduce Relational Forward Models…

Multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) has attracted much research attention recently. However, unlike its single-agent counterpart, many theoretical and algorithmic aspects of MARL have not been well-understood. In this paper, we study…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-08 Siliang Zeng , Tianyi Chen , Alfredo Garcia , Mingyi Hong

Predicting group behavior, how individuals coordinate, communicate, and interact during collaborative tasks, is essential for designing systems that can support team performance through real-time prediction and realistic simulation of…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-04-13 Diana Romero , Xin Gao , Daniel Khalkhali , Salma Elmalaki

Cooperative Multi-agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL) has attracted significant attention and played the potential for many real-world applications. Previous arts mainly focus on facilitating the coordination ability from different aspects…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2023-05-24 Lei Yuan , Lihe Li , Ziqian Zhang , Fuxiang Zhang , Cong Guan , Yang Yu

Large language models (LLMs) such as GPT-4 have emerged as frontrunners, showcasing unparalleled prowess in diverse applications, including answering queries, code generation, and more. Parallelly, graph-structured data, an intrinsic data…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-11-14 Shirui Pan , Yizhen Zheng , Yixin Liu