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We study multi-task reinforcement learning (RL), a setting in which an agent learns a single, universal policy capable of generalising to arbitrary, possibly unseen tasks. We consider tasks specified as linear temporal logic (LTL) formulae,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-09 Alessandro Abate , Giuseppe De Giacomo , Mathias Jackermeier , Jan Kretínský , Maximilian Prokop , Christoph Weinhuber

Specification-guided reinforcement learning (RL) provides a principled framework for encoding complex, temporally extended tasks using formal specifications such as linear temporal logic (LTL). While recent methods have shown promising…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Zijian Guo , İlker Işık , H. M. Sabbir Ahmad , Wenchao Li

We study instruction following in multi-task reinforcement learning, where an agent must zero-shot execute novel tasks not seen during training. In this setting, linear temporal logic (LTL) has recently been adopted as a powerful framework…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Mathias Jackermeier , Mattia Giuri , Jacques Cloete , Alessandro Abate

Large Language Models demonstrate strong reasoning and generation abilities, yet their behavior in multi-turn tasks often lacks reliability and verifiability. We present a task completion framework that enables LLM-based agents to act under…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-15 Gonca Gürsun

As Reinforcement Learning (RL) agents are increasingly deployed in real-world applications, ensuring their behavior is transparent and trustworthy is paramount. A key component of trust is explainability, yet much of the work in Explainable…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Clifford F , Devika Jay , Abhishek Sarkar , Satheesh K Perepu , Santhosh G S , Kaushik Dey , Balaraman Ravindran

Automaton based approaches have enabled robots to perform various complex tasks. However, most existing automaton based algorithms highly rely on the manually customized representation of states for the considered task, limiting its…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-07-18 Hao Zhang , Hao Wang , Zhen Kan

Reinforcement learning (RL) with linear temporal logic (LTL) objectives can allow robots to carry out symbolic event plans in unknown environments. Most existing methods assume that the event detector can accurately map environmental states…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-09-07 Wataru Hatanaka , Ryota Yamashina , Takamitsu Matsubara

Linear temporal logic (LTL) is a powerful language for task specification in reinforcement learning, as it allows describing objectives beyond the expressivity of conventional discounted return formulations. Nonetheless, recent works have…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-11 Marco Bagatella , Andreas Krause , Georg Martius

Operating effectively in complex environments while complying with specified constraints is crucial for the safe and successful deployment of robots that interact with and operate around people. In this work, we focus on generating…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-10-01 Zeyu Feng , Hao Luan , Pranav Goyal , Harold Soh

This paper investigates Reinforcement Learning (RL) on data without explicit labels for reasoning tasks in Large Language Models (LLMs). The core challenge of the problem is reward estimation during inference while not having access to…

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed as autonomous agents capable of reasoning, planning, and acting within interactive environments. Despite their growing capability to perform multi-step reasoning and decision-making…

In this paper, we propose a model-free reinforcement learning method to synthesize control policies for motion planning problems with continuous states and actions. The robot is modelled as a labeled discrete-time Markov decision process…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-10-01 Chuanzheng Wang , Yinan Li , Stephen L. Smith , Jun Liu

Model-free continuous control for robot navigation tasks using Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) that relies on noisy policies for exploration is sensitive to the density of rewards. In practice, robots are usually deployed in cluttered…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-02-24 Mingyu Cai , Erfan Aasi , Calin Belta , Cristian-Ioan Vasile

Ensuring that reinforcement learning (RL) controllers satisfy safety and reliability constraints in real-world settings remains challenging: state-avoidance and constrained Markov decision processes often fail to capture trajectory-level…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-06 Alper Kamil Bozkurt , Calin Belta , Ming C. Lin

Reinforcement learning (RL) has been recognized as a powerful tool for robot control tasks. RL typically employs reward functions to define task objectives and guide agent learning. However, since the reward function serves the dual purpose…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-10 Zhao Yu , Xiuping Wu , Liangjun Ke

Traffic rules formalization is crucial for verifying the compliance and safety of autonomous vehicles (AVs). However, manual translation of natural language traffic rules as formal specification requires domain knowledge and logic…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-08-19 Kumar Manas , Stefan Zwicklbauer , Adrian Paschke

We solve active target tracking, one of the essential tasks in autonomous systems, using a deep reinforcement learning (RL) approach. In this problem, an autonomous agent is tasked with acquiring information about targets of interests using…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-19 Heejin Jeong , Hamed Hassani , Manfred Morari , Daniel D. Lee , George J. Pappas

Reinforcement learning (RL) is a promising approach. However, success is limited to real-world applications, because ensuring safe exploration and facilitating adequate exploitation is a challenge for controlling robotic systems with…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-08-29 Mingyu Cai , Cristian-Ioan Vasile

In this paper, we present a simple, flexible and effective vision-language (VL) tracking pipeline, termed \textbf{MMTrack}, which casts VL tracking as a token generation task. Traditional paradigms address VL tracking task indirectly with…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-29 Yaozong Zheng , Bineng Zhong , Qihua Liang , Guorong Li , Rongrong Ji , Xianxian Li

Reinforcement Learning (RL) is a widely employed machine learning architecture that has been applied to a variety of control problems. However, applications in safety-critical domains require a systematic and formal approach to specifying…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-07 Hosein Hasanbeig , Daniel Kroening , Alessandro Abate