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Large Language Models (LLMs) offer new potential for automating documentation-to-code traceability, yet their capabilities remain underexplored. We present a comprehensive evaluation of LLMs (Claude 3.5 Sonnet, GPT-4o, and o3-mini) in…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-08-08 Ebube Alor , SayedHassan Khatoonabadi , Emad Shihab

Robust and comprehensive evaluation of large language models (LLMs) is essential for identifying effective LLM system configurations and mitigating risks associated with deploying LLMs in sensitive domains. However, traditional statistical…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Adam Dejl , Jonathan Pearson

This study presents a comprehensive analysis and comparison of two predominant fine-tuning methodologies - full-parameter fine-tuning and parameter-efficient tuning - within the context of medical Large Language Models (LLMs). We developed…

This paper explores the use of foundational large language models (LLMs) in hyperparameter optimization (HPO). Hyperparameters are critical in determining the effectiveness of machine learning models, yet their optimization often relies on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-12 Michael R. Zhang , Nishkrit Desai , Juhan Bae , Jonathan Lorraine , Jimmy Ba

This paper investigates the parameter space of machine learning (ML) algorithms in aggravating or mitigating fairness bugs. Data-driven software is increasingly applied in social-critical applications where ensuring fairness is of paramount…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-02-15 Saeid Tizpaz-Niari , Ashish Kumar , Gang Tan , Ashutosh Trivedi

While Large Language Models (LLMs) have exhibited remarkable emergent capabilities through extensive pre-training, they still face critical limitations in generalizing to specialized domains and handling diverse linguistic variations, known…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-28 Jinwu Hu , Zhitian Zhang , Guohao Chen , Xutao Wen , Chao Shuai , Wei Luo , Bin Xiao , Yuanqing Li , Mingkui Tan

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated great potential in automating the generation of Verilog hardware description language code for hardware design. This automation is critical to reducing human effort in the complex and…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-08-20 Ping Guo , Yiting Wang , Wanghao Ye , Yexiao He , Ziyao Wang , Xiaopeng Dai , Ang Li , Qingfu Zhang

Recently, the number of off-the-shelf Large Language Models (LLMs) has exploded with many open-source options. This creates a diverse landscape regarding both serving options (e.g., inference on local hardware vs remote LLM APIs) and model…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-18 Dimitrios Sikeridis , Dennis Ramdass , Pranay Pareek

Large language models (LLMs) power many state-of-the-art systems in natural language processing. However, these models are extremely computationally expensive, even at inference time, raising the natural question: when is the extra cost of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-05 Deepak Narayanan , Keshav Santhanam , Peter Henderson , Rishi Bommasani , Tony Lee , Percy Liang

As Large Language Models (LLMs) become integral to software development workflows, their ability to generate structured outputs has become critically important. We introduce StructEval, a comprehensive benchmark for evaluating LLMs'…

Code generation benchmarks such as HumanEval are widely adopted to evaluate LLMs' capabilities. However, after consolidating the latest 24 benchmarks, we noticed three significant imbalances. First, imbalanced programming language. 95.8% of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-14 Jialun Cao , Zhiyong Chen , Jiarong Wu , Shing-chi Cheung , Chang Xu

We introduce OSVBench, a new benchmark for evaluating Large Language Models (LLMs) on the task of generating complete formal specifications for verifying the functional correctness of operating system kernels. This benchmark is built upon a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Shangyu Li , Juyong Jiang , Tiancheng Zhao , Jiasi Shen

Despite the transformative potential of Large Language Models (LLMs) in hardware design, a comprehensive evaluation of their capabilities in design verification remains underexplored. Current efforts predominantly focus on RTL generation…

As Large Language Models (LLMs) achieve remarkable breakthroughs, aligning their values with humans has become imperative for their responsible development and customized applications. However, there still lack evaluations of LLMs values…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Jing Yao , Xiaoyuan Yi , Shitong Duan , Jindong Wang , Yuzhuo Bai , Muhua Huang , Peng Zhang , Tun Lu , Zhicheng Dou , Maosong Sun , Xing Xie

Large language models (LLMs) demonstrate increasing capabilities in creative text generation, yet systematic evaluations of their humor production remain underexplored. This study presents a comprehensive analysis of 13 state-of-the-art…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-07 Evgenii Evstafev

With reasoning language models such as OpenAI-o3 and DeepSeek-R1 emerging, large language models (LLMs) have entered a new phase of development. However, existing benchmarks for coding evaluation are gradually inadequate to assess the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-03 Lei Yang , Renren Jin , Ling Shi , Jianxiang Peng , Yue Chen , Deyi Xiong

Large language models (LLMs) have become essential tools in software development, widely used for requirements engineering, code generation and review tasks. Software engineers often rely on LLMs to verify if code implementation satisfy…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Haolin Jin , Huaming Chen

The rapid advancement of large language models (LLMs) has accelerated their integration into clinical decision support, particularly in prescription review. To enable systematic and fine-grained evaluation, we developed RxBench, a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-03 Yan Yang , Mouxiao Bian , Peiling Li , Bingjian Wen , Ruiyao Chen , Kangkun Mao , Xiaojun Ye , Tianbin Li , Pengcheng Chen , Bing Han , Jie Xu , Kaifeng Qiu , Junyan Wu

LLMs have become the go-to choice for code generation tasks, with an exponential increase in the training, development, and usage of LLMs specifically for code generation. To evaluate the ability of LLMs on code, both academic and industry…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-03-29 Chunqiu Steven Xia , Yinlin Deng , Lingming Zhang

This study presents a comprehensive empirical evaluation of six state-of-the-art large language models (LLMs) for code generation, including both general-purpose and code-specialized models. Using a dataset of 944 real-world LeetCode…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Le Zhang , Suresh Kothari