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Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities, but their outputs can sometimes be unreliable or factually incorrect. To address this, we introduce Self Logits Evolution Decoding (SLED), a novel decoding framework…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-21 Jianyi Zhang , Da-Cheng Juan , Cyrus Rashtchian , Chun-Sung Ferng , Heinrich Jiang , Yiran Chen

While diffusion language models (DLMs) have achieved competitive performance in text generation, improving their reasoning ability with reinforcement learning remains an active research area. Here, we introduce d2, a reasoning framework…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Guanghan Wang , Gilad Turok , Yair Schiff , Marianne Arriola , Volodymyr Kuleshov

Autoregressive large language models achieve strong results on many benchmarks, but decoding remains fundamentally latency-limited by sequential dependence on previously generated tokens. Diffusion language models (DLMs) promise parallel…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-06 Yihao Liang , Ze Wang , Hao Chen , Ximeng Sun , Jialian Wu , Xiaodong Yu , Jiang Liu , Emad Barsoum , Zicheng Liu , Niraj K. Jha

While Masked Diffusion Language Models (MDLMs) relying on token masking and unmasking have shown promise in language modeling, their computational efficiency and generation flexibility remain constrained by the masking paradigm. In this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-26 Fangyu Ding , Ding Ding , Sijin Chen , Kaibo Wang , Peng Xu , Zijin Feng , Haoli Bai , Kai Han , Youliang Yan , Binhang Yuan , Jiacheng Sun

Discrete diffusion language models improve generation efficiency through parallel token prediction, but standard $X_0$ prediction methods introduce factorization errors by approximating the clean token posterior with independent token-wise…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Xun Fang , Yunchen Li , Hang Yuan , Zhou Yu

We study why continuous diffusion language models (DLMs) have lagged behind discrete diffusion approaches despite their appealing continuous generative dynamics. Under a controlled token--recovery study, we identify token rounding, the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-04 Junzhe Shen , Jieru Zhao , Ziwei He , Zhouhan Lin

Diffusion Large Language Models (DLLMs) have emerged as a compelling alternative to Autoregressive models, designed for fast parallel generation. However, existing DLLMs are plagued by a severe quality-speed trade-off, where faster parallel…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Feng Hong , Geng Yu , Yushi Ye , Haicheng Huang , Huangjie Zheng , Ya Zhang , Yanfeng Wang , Jiangchao Yao

We present CadLLM, a training-free method to accelerate the inference throughput of diffusion-based LLMs (dLLMs). We first investigate the dynamic nature of token unmasking confidence across blocks and steps. Based on this observation, we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-20 Jucheng Shen , Gaurav Sarkar , Yeonju Ro , Sharath Nittur Sridhar , Zhangyang Wang , Aditya Akella , Souvik Kundu

The dominant approach to generating from language models subject to some constraint is locally constrained decoding (LCD), incrementally sampling tokens at each time step such that the constraint is never violated. Typically, this is…

Large language models (LLMs) exhibit exceptional performance across a wide range of tasks; however, their token-by-token autoregressive generation process significantly hinders inference speed. Speculative decoding presents a promising…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Kai Lv , Honglin Guo , Qipeng Guo , Xipeng Qiu

Speculative decoding has emerged as an effective approach for accelerating autoregressive inference by parallelizing token generation through a draft-then-verify paradigm. However, existing methods rely on static drafting lengths and rigid…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Jaydip Sen , Subhasis Dasgupta , Hetvi Waghela

Test-time scaling (TTS) -- the dynamic allocation of compute during inference -- is a promising direction for improving reasoning in large language models (LLMs). However, a systematic comparison of well-known TTS strategies under identical…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Aradhye Agarwal , Ayan Sengupta , Tanmoy Chakraborty

Large Language Models (LLMs) are widely deployed in real-world applications, yet little is known about their training dynamics at the token level. Evaluation typically relies on aggregated training loss, measured at the batch level, which…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-17 Andrea Pinto , Tomer Galanti , Randall Balestriero

Text-conditioned image generation models have recently achieved astonishing results in image quality and text alignment and are consequently employed in a fast-growing number of applications. Since they are highly data-driven, relying on…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-04-27 Patrick Schramowski , Manuel Brack , Björn Deiseroth , Kristian Kersting

Large Language Models (LLMs) are often asked to generate structured outputs that obey precise syntactic rules, such as code snippets or formatted data. Grammar-constrained decoding (GCD) can guarantee that LLM outputs matches such rules by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-17 Kanghee Park , Timothy Zhou , Loris D'Antoni

Despite their growing capabilities, language models still frequently reproduce content from their training data, generate repetitive text, and favor common grammatical patterns and vocabulary. A possible cause is the decoding strategy: the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-15 Giorgio Franceschelli , Mirco Musolesi

Speculative decoding (SD) has proven effective for accelerating LLM inference by quickly generating draft tokens and verifying them in parallel. However, SD remains largely unexplored for Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs), which extend…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-29 Minjae Lee , Wonjun Kang , Byeongkeun Ahn , Christian Classen , Kevin Galim , Seunghyuk Oh , Minghao Yan , Hyung Il Koo , Kangwook Lee

Although large language models (LLMs) have achieved significant success, their vulnerability to adversarial perturbations, including recent jailbreak attacks, has raised considerable concerns. However, the increasing size of these models…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-19 Jiabao Ji , Bairu Hou , Zhen Zhang , Guanhua Zhang , Wenqi Fan , Qing Li , Yang Zhang , Gaowen Liu , Sijia Liu , Shiyu Chang

Unlike autoregressive models, which generate one token at a time, dLLMs denoise a chunk of [MASK] tokens jointly and sample one or more tokens per step; despite enabling parallel decoding, this process incurs substantial computational cost…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Junyi Wu , Tianchen Zhao , Shaoqiu Zhang , Linfeng Zhang , Guohao Dai , Yu Wang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have become widely used for Software Engineering (SE) tasks, spanning from function-level code generation to complex repository-level workflows. However, the high latency of autoregressive inference remains a…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Yijia Li , Junkai Chen , Xing Hu , Xin Xia