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This paper presents a novel fast machine learning method that leverages two techniques: Vector Embedding on Orthonormal Basis (VEOB) and Spectral Transform (ST). The VEOB converts the original data encoding into a vector embedding with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-14 Louis Yu Lu

Sentence representations are foundational to many Natural Language Processing (NLP) applications. While recent methods leverage Large Language Models (LLMs) to derive sentence representations, most rely on final-layer hidden states, which…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Yeqin Zhang , Yunfei Wang , Jiaxuan Chen , Ke Qin , Yizheng Zhao , Cam-Tu Nguyen

Large language models (LLMs) have been effectively used for many computer vision tasks, including image classification. In this paper, we present a simple yet effective approach for zero-shot image classification using multimodal LLMs.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-27 Abdelrahman Abdelhamed , Mahmoud Afifi , Alec Go

Multimodal event argument role labeling (EARL), a task that assigns a role for each event participant (object) in an image is a complex challenge. It requires reasoning over the entire image, the depicted event, and the interactions between…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-09 Hritik Bansal , Po-Nien Kung , P. Jeffrey Brantingham , Kai-Wei Chang , Nanyun Peng

There is a growing interest in Universal Multimodal Embeddings (UME), where models are required to generate task-specific representations. While recent studies show that Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) perform well on such tasks,…

Word embeddings and language models have transformed natural language processing (NLP) by facilitating the representation of linguistic elements in continuous vector spaces. This review visits foundational concepts such as the…

Evaluating the instruction-following (IF) capabilities of Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) is essential for rigorously assessing how faithfully model outputs adhere to user-specified intentions. Nevertheless, existing benchmarks for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-07 Weilei He , Feng Ju , Zhiyuan Fan , Rui Min , Minhao Cheng , Yi R. Fung

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have shown satisfactory effects in many autonomous driving tasks. In this paper, MLLMs are utilized to solve joint semantic scene understanding and risk localization tasks, while only relying on…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-30 Jiaqi Fan , Jianhua Wu , Jincheng Gao , Jianhao Yu , Yafei Wang , Hongqing Chu , Bingzhao Gao

Referring Video Object Segmentation (RVOS) aims to segment an object of interest throughout a video based on a language description. The prominent challenge lies in aligning static text with dynamic visual content, particularly when objects…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Bingrui Zhao , Lin Yuanbo Wu , Xiangtian Fan , Deyin Liu , Lu Zhang , Ruyi He , Jialie Shen , Ximing Li

Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) have demonstrated strong multimodal reasoning capabilities on long and complex documents. However, their high memory footprint makes them impractical for deployment on resource-constrained edge devices.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-24 Tanveer Hannan , Dimitrios Mallios , Parth Pathak , Faegheh Sardari , Thomas Seidl , Gedas Bertasius , Mohsen Fayyaz , Sunando Sengupta

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive zero-shot abilities on a variety of open-ended tasks, while recent research has also explored the use of LLMs for multi-modal generation. In this study, we introduce mPLUG-Owl, a…

It is widely agreed that open-vocabulary-based approaches outperform classical closed-set training solutions for recognizing unseen objects in images for semantic segmentation. Existing open-vocabulary approaches leverage vision-language…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-19 Huadong Tang , Youpeng Zhao , Yan Huang , Min Xu , Jun Wang , Qiang Wu

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) are rapidly replacing unimodal encoders in modern retrieval and recommendation systems. While their capabilities are well-documented, their robustness against adversarial manipulation in competitive ranking…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Yixuan Du , Chenxiao Yu , Haoyan Xu , Ziyi Wang , Yue Zhao , Xiyang Hu

Vision-and-language Navigation (VLN) task requires an embodied agent to navigate to a remote location following a natural language instruction. Previous methods usually adopt a sequence model (e.g., Transformer and LSTM) as the navigator.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-05-27 Jinyu Chen , Chen Gao , Erli Meng , Qiong Zhang , Si Liu

Multi-label Recognition (MLR) involves assigning multiple labels to each data instance in an image, offering advantages over single-label classification in complex scenarios. However, it faces the challenge of annotating all relevant…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Ruhui Zhang , Hezhe Qiao , Pengcheng Xu , Mingsheng Shang , Lin Chen

Multimodal information retrieval (MMIR) has gained attention for its flexibility in handling text, images, or mixed queries and candidates. Recent breakthroughs in multimodal large language models (MLLMs) boost MMIR performance by…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-02-27 Dawei Su , Dongsheng Wang

We present VisionLLM v2, an end-to-end generalist multimodal large model (MLLM) that unifies visual perception, understanding, and generation within a single framework. Unlike traditional MLLMs limited to text output, VisionLLM v2…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-01-03 Jiannan Wu , Muyan Zhong , Sen Xing , Zeqiang Lai , Zhaoyang Liu , Zhe Chen , Wenhai Wang , Xizhou Zhu , Lewei Lu , Tong Lu , Ping Luo , Yu Qiao , Jifeng Dai

We introduce MUSE-VL, a Unified Vision-Language Model through Semantic discrete Encoding for multimodal understanding and generation. Recently, the research community has begun exploring unified models for visual generation and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Rongchang Xie , Chen Du , Ping Song , Chang Liu

Despite the rapid advancements in Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs), a critical question regarding their visual grounding mechanism remains unanswered: do these models genuinely ``read'' text embedded in images, or do they merely…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-27 Yibo Peng , Peng Xia , Ding Zhong , Kaide Zeng , Siwei Han , Yiyang Zhou , Jiaqi Liu , Ruiyi Zhang , Huaxiu Yao

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in representing and understanding diverse modalities. However, they typically focus on modality alignment in a pairwise manner while overlooking structural…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-13 Jiajin Liu , Dongzhe Fan , Jiacheng Shen , Chuanhao Ji , Daochen Zha , Qiaoyu Tan
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