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Language models (LMs) are powerful tools for natural language processing, but they often struggle to produce coherent and fluent text when they are small. Models with around 125M parameters such as GPT-Neo (small) or GPT-2 (small) can…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-26 Ronen Eldan , Yuanzhi Li

Languages are not created randomly but rather to communicate information. There is a strong association between languages and their underlying meanings, resulting in a sparse joint distribution that is heavily peaked according to their…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-15 Hui Jiang

The rapid advancements in large language models (LLMs) have significantly improved their ability to generate natural language, making texts generated by LLMs increasingly indistinguishable from human-written texts. Recent research has…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-05 Sergio E. Zanotto , Segun Aroyehun

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated superior abilities in tasks such as chatting, reasoning, and question-answering. However, standard LLMs may ignore crucial paralinguistic information, such as sentiment, emotion, and speaking…

The exponential growth of text-based data in domains such as healthcare, education, and social sciences has outpaced the capacity of traditional qualitative analysis methods, which are time-intensive and prone to subjectivity. Large…

Large Language Models (LLMs) have excelled at language understanding and generating human-level text. However, even with supervised training and human alignment, these LLMs are susceptible to adversarial attacks where malicious users can…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-08 Shachi H Kumar , Saurav Sahay , Sahisnu Mazumder , Eda Okur , Ramesh Manuvinakurike , Nicole Beckage , Hsuan Su , Hung-yi Lee , Lama Nachman

How people narrate their experiences offers a window into how the mind organizes them. Computational approaches to therapeutic writing have evolved from lexical counting to neural methods, yet remain fragmented: dictionary tools miss…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Yuxi Ma , Jieming Cui , Muyang Li , Ye Zhao , Yu Li , Yixuan Wang , Chi Zhang , Yinyin Zang , Yixin Zhu

Large Language Models (LLMs) are widely applied in educational practices, such as for generating children's stories. However, the generated stories are often too difficult for children to read, and the operational cost of LLMs hinders their…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Qian Shen , Fanghua Cao , Min Yao , Shlok Gilda , Bonnie J. Dorr , Walter L. Leite

While factual correctness and task-performance have been in focus of Large Language Model (LLM) research for a long time, the fundamental question of how human-like generated texts are on a linguistic level has been underexplored. From a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Björn Nieth , Marianna Gracheva , Michaela Mahlberg , Bjoern Eskofier , Emmanuelle Salin

Relevant language describing trends in data can be useful for generating summaries to help with readers' takeaways. However, the language employed in these often template-generated summaries tends to be simple, ranging from describing…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-05-07 Vidya Setlur , Larry Birnbaum

Multilingual Large Language Models (LLMs) can process many languages, yet how they internally represent this diversity remains unclear. Do they form shared multilingual representations with language-specific decoding, and if so, why does…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Abir Harrasse , Florent Draye , Punya Syon Pandey , Zhijing Jin , Bernhard Schölkopf

In an era defined by the explosive growth of data and rapid technological advancements, Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) stand at the forefront of artificial intelligence (AI) systems. Designed to seamlessly integrate diverse data…

In commonsense generation, given a set of input concepts, a model must generate a response that is not only commonsense bearing, but also capturing multiple diverse viewpoints. Numerous evaluation metrics based on form- and content-level…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Tianhui Zhang , Bei Peng , Danushka Bollegala

High-resource languages such as English, enables the pretraining of high-quality large language models (LLMs). The same can not be said for most other languages as LLMs still underperform for non-English languages, likely due to a gap in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-20 Jiayi Wang , Yao Lu , Maurice Weber , Max Ryabinin , David Adelani , Yihong Chen , Raphael Tang , Pontus Stenetorp

The rapid rise in popularity of Large Language Models (LLMs) with emerging capabilities has spurred public curiosity to evaluate and compare different LLMs, leading many researchers to propose their own LLM benchmarks. Noticing preliminary…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-15 Timothy R. McIntosh , Teo Susnjak , Nalin Arachchilage , Tong Liu , Paul Watters , Malka N. Halgamuge

With the evolution of large language models (LLMs), their robustness against individual simple biases has been enhanced. However, we observe that the ensemble of multiple simple biases still exerts a significant adverse impact on LLMs.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Zhouhao Sun , Zhiyuan Kan , Xiao Ding , Li Du , Bibo Cai , Yang Zhao , Bing Qin , Ting Liu

In the training data used by large language models (LLMs), the same latent concept is often presented in multiple distinct ways: the same facts appear in English and Swahili; many functions can be expressed in both Python and Haskell; we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Thomas Vincent Howe , David Wingate

Pretrained multilingual models exhibit the same social bias as models processing English texts. This systematic review analyzes emerging research that extends bias evaluation and mitigation approaches into multilingual and non-English…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-08 Lance Calvin Lim Gamboa , Yue Feng , Mark Lee

Neural networks are increasingly used to support decision-making. To verify their reliability and adaptability, researchers and practitioners have proposed a variety of tools and methods for tasks such as NN code verification, refactoring,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-05 Nadia Daoudi , Jordi Cabot

Efficiently managing compute resources for Large Language Model (LLM) inference remains challenging due to the inherently stochastic and variable lengths of autoregressive text generation. Accurately estimating response lengths in advance…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-23 Daniel F. Perez-Ramirez , Dejan Kostic , Magnus Boman