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While large-scale training data is fundamental for developing capable large language models (LLMs), strategically selecting high-quality data has emerged as a critical approach to enhance training efficiency and reduce computational costs.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-23 Yang Yu , Kai Han , Hang Zhou , Yehui Tang , Kaiqi Huang , Yunhe Wang , Dacheng Tao

In recent years, the use of large language models (LLMs) for text classification has attracted widespread attention. Despite this, the classification accuracy of LLMs has not yet universally surpassed that of smaller models. LLMs can…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-11 Min Zeng , Caiquan Liu , Shiqi Zhang , Li Xie , Chen Sang , Xiaoxin Chen

The application of visual instruction tuning and other post-training techniques has significantly enhanced the capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) in visual understanding, enriching Vision-Language Models (VLMs) with more…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-11 Mingjie Xu , Andrew Estornell , Hongzheng Yang , Yuzhi Zhao , Zhaowei Zhu , Qi Xuan , Jiaheng Wei

Data-efficient learning aims to eliminate redundancy in large training datasets by training models on smaller subsets of the most informative examples. While data selection has been extensively explored for vision models and large language…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-03 Nilay Naharas , Dang Nguyen , Nesihan Bulut , Mohammadhossein Bateni , Vahab Mirrokni , Baharan Mirzasoleiman

Large-scale Visual Instruction Tuning (VIT) has become a key paradigm for advancing the performance of vision-language models (VLMs) across various multimodal tasks. However, training on the large-scale datasets is computationally expensive…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-13 Changti Wu , Jiahuai Mao , Yuzhuo Miao , Shijie Lian , Bin Yu , Xiaopeng Lin , Cong Huang , Lei Zhang , Kai Chen

Data selection in instruction tuning emerges as a pivotal process for acquiring high-quality data and training instruction-following large language models (LLMs), but it is still a new and unexplored research area for vision-language models…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-21 Ruibo Chen , Yihan Wu , Lichang Chen , Guodong Liu , Qi He , Tianyi Xiong , Chenxi Liu , Junfeng Guo , Heng Huang

Data selection for fine-tuning large language models (LLMs) aims to choose a high-quality subset from existing datasets, allowing the trained model to outperform baselines trained on the full dataset. However, the expanding body of research…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Ziche Liu , Rui Ke , Yajiao Liu , Feng Jiang , Haizhou Li

Instruction tuning has become the de facto method to equip large language models (LLMs) with the ability of following user instructions. Usually, hundreds of thousands or millions of instruction-following pairs are employed to fine-tune the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-28 Qianlong Du , Chengqing Zong , Jiajun Zhang

Visual instruction tuning is crucial for improving vision-language large models (VLLMs). However, many samples can be solved via linguistic patterns or common-sense shortcuts, without genuine cross-modal reasoning, limiting the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-11 Peng Sun , Huawen Shen , Yi Ban , Tianfan Fu , Yanbo Wang , Yuqiang Li

When selecting data for training large-scale models, standard practice is to filter for examples that match human notions of data quality. Such filtering yields qualitatively clean datapoints that intuitively should improve model behavior.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-24 Logan Engstrom , Axel Feldmann , Aleksander Madry

Large language models (LLMs) have shown remarkable capability in numerous tasks and applications. However, fine-tuning LLMs using high-quality datasets under external supervision remains prohibitively expensive. In response, LLM…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-13 Chunyang Jiang , Chi-min Chan , Wei Xue , Qifeng Liu , Yike Guo

The training of large language models (LLMs) is expensive. In this paper, we study data-efficient approaches for pre-training LLMs, i.e., techniques that aim to optimize the Pareto frontier of model quality and training resource/data…

Visual instruction tuning is the key to building large vision language models~(LVLMs), which can greatly improve the task generalization and solving capabilities by learning a mixture of instruction data from diverse visual tasks. Previous…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-11 Zikang Liu , Kun Zhou , Wayne Xin Zhao , Dawei Gao , Yaliang Li , Ji-Rong Wen

Large video-language models (VLMs) have demonstrated promising progress in various video understanding tasks. However, their effectiveness in long-form video analysis is constrained by limited context windows. Traditional approaches, such…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-28 Shuming Liu , Chen Zhao , Tianqi Xu , Bernard Ghanem

High-quality pre-training data is crutial for large language models, where quality captures factual reliability and semantic value, and diversity ensures broad coverage and distributional heterogeneity. Existing approaches typically rely on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-23 Hongyi He , Xiao Liu , Zhenghao Lin , Mingni Tang , Yi Cheng , Jintao Wang , Wenjie Li , Peng Cheng , Yeyun Gong

Masked diffusion language models (MDLMs) have recently emerged as a new paradigm in language modeling, offering flexible generation dynamics and enabling efficient parallel decoding. However, existing decoding strategies for pre-trained…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Xueyu Zhou , Yangrong Hu , Jian Huang

Large Language Model (LLM) pre-training exhausts an ever growing compute budget, yet recent research has demonstrated that careful document selection enables comparable model quality with only a fraction of the FLOPs. Inspired by efforts…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-10 Xiang Kong , Tom Gunter , Ruoming Pang

Pretrained on web-scale open data, VLMs offer powerful capabilities for solving downstream tasks after being adapted to task-specific labeled data. Yet, data labeling can be expensive and may demand domain expertise. Active Learning (AL)…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Tong Wang , Jiaqi Wang , Shu Kong

Visual instruction tuning (VIT) has emerged as a crucial technique for enabling multi-modal large language models (MLLMs) to follow user instructions adeptly. Yet, a significant gap persists in understanding the attributes of high-quality…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-01 Yiwei Ma , Guohai Xu , Xiaoshuai Sun , Jiayi Ji , Jie Lou , Debing Zhang , Rongrong Ji

Large language models (LLMs) excel in general tasks but struggle with domain-specific ones, requiring fine-tuning with specific data. With many open-source LLMs available, selecting the best model for fine-tuning downstream tasks is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-05 Wei Huang , Huang Wei , Yinggui Wang
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