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Designing privacy-preserving deep learning models is a major challenge within the deep learning community. Homomorphic Encryption (HE) has emerged as one of the most promising approaches in this realm, enabling the decoupling of knowledge…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-16 Itamar Zimerman , Moran Baruch , Nir Drucker , Gilad Ezov , Omri Soceanu , Lior Wolf

With the rapid development of AI technology, we have witnessed numerous innovations and conveniences. However, along with these advancements come privacy threats and risks. Fully Homomorphic Encryption (FHE) emerges as a key technology for…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-09-19 Pengbo Li , Huifang Huang , Ting Gao , Jin Guo , Jinqiao Duan

Homomorphic encryption (HE) enables calculating on encrypted data, which makes it possible to perform privacypreserving neural network inference. One disadvantage of this technique is that it is several orders of magnitudes slower than…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-08-31 Wouter Legiest , Jan-Pieter D'Anvers , Furkan Turan , Michiel Van Beirendonck , Ingrid Verbauwhede

Privacy-preserving neural network (NN) inference can be achieved by utilizing homomorphic encryption (HE), which allows computations to be directly carried out over ciphertexts. Popular HE schemes are built over large polynomial rings. To…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-15 Sajjad Akherati , Xinmiao Zhang

Homomorphic encryption (HE) enables privacy-preserving deep learning by allowing computations on encrypted data without decryption. However, deploying convolutional neural networks (CNNs) with HE is challenging due to the need to convert…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-08-27 Hyunmin Choi , Jihun Kim , Seungho Kim , Seonhye Park , Jeongyong Park , Wonbin Choi , Hyoungshick Kim

Homomorphic Encryption (HE) enables users to securely outsource both the storage and computation of sensitive data to untrusted servers. Not only does HE offer an attractive solution for security in cloud systems, but lattice-based HE…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-09-07 Kaustubh Shivdikar , Gilbert Jonatan , Evelio Mora , Neal Livesay , Rashmi Agrawal , Ajay Joshi , Jose Abellan , John Kim , David Kaeli

Homomorphic permutation is fundamental to privacy-preserving computations based on batch-encoding homomorphic encryption. It underpins nearly all homomorphic matrix operations and predominantly influences their complexity. Permutation…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-27 Xirong Ma , Junling Fang , Chunpeng Ge , Dung Hoang Duong , Yali Jiang , Yanbin Li , Willy Susilo , Lizhen Cui

Homomorphic Encryption (HE) is an emerging encryption scheme that allows computations to be performed directly on encrypted messages. This property provides promising applications such as privacy-preserving deep learning and cloud…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-10-01 Yujia Zhai , Mohannad Ibrahim , Yiqin Qiu , Fabian Boemer , Zizhong Chen , Alexey Titov , Alexander Lyashevsky

Homomorphic encryption (HE) allows secure computation on encrypted data without revealing the original data, providing significant benefits for privacy-sensitive applications. Many cloud computing applications (e.g., DNA read mapping,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-03-13 Mayank Kabra , Rakesh Nadig , Harshita Gupta , Rahul Bera , Manos Frouzakis , Vamanan Arulchelvan , Yu Liang , Haiyu Mao , Mohammad Sadrosadati , Onur Mutlu

Every commercially available, state-of-the-art neural network consume plain input data, which is a well-known privacy concern. We propose a new architecture based on homomorphic encryption, which allows the neural network to operate on…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-02-28 Marcos Florencio , Luiz Alencar , Bianca Lima

The convergence of fully homomorphic encryption (FHE) and machine learning offers unprecedented opportunities for private inference of sensitive data. FHE enables computation directly on encrypted data, safeguarding the entire machine…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-01-24 Arjun Roy , Kaushik Roy

Several domains increasingly rely on machine learning in their applications. The resulting heavy dependence on data has led to the emergence of various laws and regulations around data ethics and privacy and growing awareness of the need…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-11 Sofiane Ouaari , Ali Burak Ünal , Mete Akgün , Nico Pfeifer

Machine learning on encrypted data can address the concerns related to privacy and legality of sharing sensitive data with untrustworthy service providers. Fully Homomorphic Encryption (FHE) is a promising technique to enable machine…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-02-02 Nayna Jain , Karthik Nandakumar , Nalini Ratha , Sharath Pankanti , Uttam Kumar

Machine learning (ML) systems that guarantee security and privacy often rely on Fully Homomorphic Encryption (FHE) as a cornerstone technique, enabling computations on encrypted data without exposing sensitive information. However, a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-12-20 Dongfang Zhao

Homomorphic encryption (HE) is a core building block in privacy-preserving machine learning (PPML), but HE is also widely known as its efficiency bottleneck. Therefore, many GPU-accelerated cryptographic schemes have been proposed to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Yu Cui , Hang Fu , Licheng Wang , Haibin Zhang

In the domain of Privacy-Preserving Machine Learning (PPML), Fully Homomorphic Encryption (FHE) is often used for encrypted computation to allow secure and privacy-preserving outsourcing of machine learning modeling. While FHE enables…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-08-29 Hunjae "Timothy" Lee , Corey Clark

The need for privacy-preserving analytics is higher than ever due to the severity of privacy risks and to comply with new privacy regulations leading to an amplified interest in privacy-preserving techniques that try to balance between…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-01-05 Ahmad Al Badawi , Luong Hoang , Chan Fook Mun , Kim Laine , Khin Mi Mi Aung

Sparse matrix-vector multiplication (SpMV) is a fundamental operation in scientific computing, data analysis, and machine learning. When the data being processed are sensitive, preserving privacy becomes critical, and homomorphic encryption…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-06 Yang Gao , Gang Quan , Wujie Wen , Scott Piersall , Qian Lou , Liqiang Wang

Recent studies have explored the deployment of privacy-preserving deep neural networks utilizing homomorphic encryption (HE), especially for private inference (PI). Many works have attempted the approximation-aware training (AAT) approach…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-15 Junghyun Lee , Eunsang Lee , Young-Sik Kim , Yongwoo Lee , Joon-Woo Lee , Yongjune Kim , Jong-Seon No

The widespread application of machine learning algorithms is a matter of increasing concern for the data privacy research community, and many have sought to develop privacy-preserving techniques for it. Among existing approaches, the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-04-01 Leonardo Neumann , Antonio Guimarães , Diego F. Aranha , Edson Borin