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Despite the success of the monolithic dense paradigm of large language models (LLMs), the LoRA adapters offer an efficient solution by fine-tuning small task-specific modules and merging them with the base model. However, in multi-task…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-07 Zhan Su , Fengran Mo , Guojun Liang , Jinghan Zhang , Bingbing Wen , Prayag Tiwari , Jian-Yun Nie

In fine-tuning large language models (LLMs), conserving computational resources while maintaining effectiveness and improving outcomes within the same computational constraints is crucial. The Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) strategy balances…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-05 Xiaojun Xiao , Sen Shen , Qiming Bao , Hongfei Rong , Kairui Liu , Zhongsheng Wang , Jiamou Liu

Large language models are often adapted using parameter-efficient techniques such as Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA), formulated as $y = W_0x + BAx$, where $W_0$ is the pre-trained parameters and $x$ is the input to the adapted layer. While…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Hao Ban , Kaiyi Ji

Low-rank adaptation (LoRA) has emerged as a leading parameter-efficient fine-tuning technique for adapting large foundation models, yet it often locks adapters into suboptimal minima near their initialization. This hampers model…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Zhan Zhuang , Xiequn Wang , Wei Li , Yulong Zhang , Qiushi Huang , Shuhao Chen , Xuehao Wang , Yanbin Wei , Yuhe Nie , Kede Ma , Yu Zhang , Ying Wei

Parameter efficient finetuning (PEFT) methods are widely used in LLMs and generative models in computer vision. Especially one can use multiple of these during inference to change the behavior of the base model. In this paper we…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-22 Ege Kesim , Selahattin Serdar Helli

Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) has emerged as a popular parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) method for Large Language Models (LLMs), yet it still incurs notable overhead and suffers from parameter interference in multi-task scenarios. We…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Juzheng Zhang , Jiacheng You , Ashwinee Panda , Tom Goldstein

Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning (PEFT) methods like LoRA have significantly improved the adaptation of LLMs to downstream tasks in a resource-efficient manner. However, in multi-task scenarios, challenges such as training imbalance and the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-31 Xujia Wang , Haiyan Zhao , Shuo Wang , Hanqing Wang , Zhiyuan Liu

Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) has emerged as a parameter-efficient approach for fine-tuning large language models. However, conventional LoRA adapters are typically trained for a single task, limiting their applicability in real-world settings…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Seungeon Lee , Soumi Das , Manish Gupta , Krishna P. Gummadi

Merging multiple Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) modules is promising for constructing general-purpose systems, yet challenging because LoRA update directions span different subspaces and contribute unevenly. When merged naively, such mismatches…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-30 Wooseong Jeong , Wonyoung Lee , Kuk-Jin Yoon

Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) is a popular technique for parameter-efficient fine-tuning of Large Language Models (LLMs). We study how different LoRA modules can be merged to achieve skill composition -- testing the performance of the merged…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-03 Akshara Prabhakar , Yuanzhi Li , Karthik Narasimhan , Sham Kakade , Eran Malach , Samy Jelassi

Merging or routing low-rank adapters (LoRAs) has emerged as a popular solution for enhancing large language models, particularly when data access is restricted by regulatory or domain-specific constraints. This position paper argues that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Mei-Yen Chen , Thi Thu Uyen Hoang , Michael Hahn , M. Saquib Sarfraz

Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) is now the dominant method for parameter-efficient fine-tuning of large language models, but achieving a high-quality adapter often requires systematic hyperparameter tuning because LoRA performance is highly…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-13 Jingwei Zuo , Xinze Feng , Zien Liu , Kaijian Wang , Fanjiang Ye , Ye Cao , Zhuang Wang , Yuke Wang

Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) is a parameter-efficient technique for rapidly fine-tuning foundation models. In standard LoRA training dynamics, models tend to quickly converge to a local optimum near the initialization. However, this local…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-31 Zhan Zhuang , Xiequn Wang , Yulong Zhang , Wei Li , Yu Zhang , Ying Wei

Instruction Tuning has the potential to stimulate or enhance specific capabilities of large language models (LLMs). However, achieving the right balance of data is crucial to prevent catastrophic forgetting and interference between tasks.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-07 Wenfeng Feng , Chuzhan Hao , Yuewei Zhang , Yu Han , Hao Wang

Parameter-efficient continual learning has emerged as a promising approach for large language models (LLMs) to mitigate catastrophic forgetting while enabling adaptation to new tasks. Current Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) continual learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Fuli Qiao , Mehrdad Mahdavi

With more open-source models available for diverse tasks, model merging has gained attention by combining models into one, reducing training, storage, and inference costs. Current research mainly focuses on model merging for full…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-23 Shenghe Zheng , Hongzhi Wang , Chenyu Huang , Xiaohui Wang , Tao Chen , Jiayuan Fan , Shuyue Hu , Peng Ye

Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning (PEFT) is essential for adapting Large Language Models (LLMs). In practice, LLMs are often required to handle a diverse set of tasks from multiple domains, a scenario naturally addressed by multi-task…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-08 Jinda Liu , Bo Cheng , Yi Chang , Yuan Wu

As Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) becomes the standard approach for efficiently fine-tuning large language models (LLMs), shared clusters increasingly execute many concurrent LoRA training jobs over the same frozen backbone. While recent…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-16 Kevin Li , Dibyadeep Saha , Avni Kanodia , Fan Lai

With the breakthrough of Transformer-based pre-trained models, the demand for fine-tuning (FT) to adapt the base pre-trained models to downstream applications continues to grow, so it is essential for service providers to reduce the cost of…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Sheng Lin , Fangcheng Fu , Haoyang Li , Hao Ge , Xuanyu Wang , Jiawen Niu , Yaofeng Tu , Bin Cui

Scaling multi-task low-rank adaptation (LoRA) to a large number of tasks induces catastrophic performance degradation, such as an accuracy drop from 88.2% to 2.0% on DOTA when scaling from 5 to 15 tasks. This failure is due to parameter and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Zichen Tian , Antoine Ledent , Qianru Sun
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