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This pilot study presents a small-scale but carefully annotated benchmark of Named Entity Recognition (NER) performance across six systems: three non-LLM NLP tools (NLTK, spaCy, Stanza) and three general-purpose large language models (LLMs:…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Payam Latifi

Data plays the most prominent role in how language models acquire skills and knowledge. The lack of massive, well-organized pre-training datasets results in costly and inaccessible data pipelines. We present Essential-Web v1.0, a…

The proliferation of complex structured data in hybrid sources, such as PDF documents and web pages, presents unique challenges for current Large Language Models (LLMs) and Multi-modal Large Language Models (MLLMs) in providing accurate…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-08-22 Shivani Upadhyay , Messiah Ataey , Syed Shariyar Murtaza , Yifan Nie , Jimmy Lin

The GLUE benchmark (Wang et al., 2019b) is a suite of language understanding tasks which has seen dramatic progress in the past year, with average performance moving from 70.0 at launch to 83.9, state of the art at the time of writing (May…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-06-04 Nikita Nangia , Samuel R. Bowman

Systematic reviews traditionally have taken considerable amounts of human time and energy to complete, in part due to the extensive number of titles and abstracts that must be reviewed for potential inclusion. Recently, researchers have…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-27 Kweku Yamoah , Noah Schroeder , Emmanuel Dorley , Neha Rani , Caleb Schutz

A growing number of AI-generated texts raise serious concerns. Most existing approaches to AI-generated text detection rely on fine-tuning large transformer models or building ensembles, which are computationally expensive and often provide…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-12 Sergey K. Aityan , William Claster , Karthik Sai Emani , Sohni Rais , Thy Tran

The rapid progress of generative models has enabled the creation of highly realistic synthetic images, raising concerns about authenticity and trust in digital media. Detecting such fake content reliably is an urgent challenge. While deep…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-28 Syed Mehedi Hasan Nirob , Moqsadur Rahman , Shamim Ehsan , Summit Haque

AI-generated text is nowadays produced at scale across domains and heterogeneous generation pipelines, making robustness to distribution shift a central requirement for supervised binary detectors. We train transformer-based detectors on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-06 Mohamed Mady , Johannes Reschke , Björn Schuller

Data acquisition forms the primary step in all empirical research. The availability of data directly impacts the quality and extent of conclusions and insights. In particular, larger and more detailed datasets provide convincing answers…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-02-08 Christian M. Dahl , Torben S. D. Johansen , Emil N. Sørensen , Christian E. Westermann , Simon F. Wittrock

Online recognition of gestures is critical for intuitive human-robot interaction (HRI) and further push collaborative robotics into the market, making robots accessible to more people. The problem is that it is difficult to achieve accurate…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-04-17 M. A. Simão , O. Gibaru , P. Neto

Automating data extraction from full-text randomised controlled trials (RCTs) for meta-analysis remains a significant challenge. This study evaluates the practical performance of three LLMs (Gemini-2.0-flash, Grok-3, GPT-4o-mini) across…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-22 Lingbo Li , Anuradha Mathrani , Teo Susnjak

Large Language Models (LLMs), such as Generative Pre-trained Transformers (GPTs) are revolutionizing the generation of human-like text, producing contextually relevant and syntactically correct content. Despite challenges like biases and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-04 Alper Yaman , Jannik Schwab , Christof Nitsche , Abhirup Sinha , Marco Huber

AI model documentation is fragmented across platforms and inconsistent in structure, preventing policymakers, auditors, and users from reliably assessing safety claims, data provenance, and version-level changes. We analyzed documentation…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Akhmadillo Mamirov , Faiaz Azmain , Hanyu Wang

Generative large language models (LLMs) can be a powerful tool for augmenting text annotation procedures, but their performance varies across annotation tasks due to prompt quality, text data idiosyncrasies, and conceptual difficulty.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-02 Nicholas Pangakis , Samuel Wolken , Neil Fasching

Recent studies emphasize the need of document context in human evaluation of machine translations, but little research has been done on the impact of user interfaces on annotator productivity and the reliability of assessments. In this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-04-22 Roman Grundkiewicz , Marcin Junczys-Dowmunt , Christian Federmann , Tom Kocmi

Evaluating the general abilities of foundation models to tackle human-level tasks is a vital aspect of their development and application in the pursuit of Artificial General Intelligence (AGI). Traditional benchmarks, which rely on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-19 Wanjun Zhong , Ruixiang Cui , Yiduo Guo , Yaobo Liang , Shuai Lu , Yanlin Wang , Amin Saied , Weizhu Chen , Nan Duan

The rapid advancement of multimodal large language models (MLLMs) has profoundly impacted the document domain, creating a wide array of application scenarios. This progress highlights the need for a comprehensive benchmark to evaluate these…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-23 Siqi Li , Yufan Shen , Xiangnan Chen , Jiayi Chen , Hengwei Ju , Haodong Duan , Song Mao , Hongbin Zhou , Bo Zhang , Bin Fu , Pinlong Cai , Licheng Wen , Botian Shi , Yong Liu , Xinyu Cai , Yu Qiao

This study compares state-of-the-art Large Language Models (LLMs) on their tendency to generate vulnerabilities when writing C programs using a neutral zero-shot prompt. Tihanyi et al. introduced the FormAI dataset at PROMISE'23, featuring…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-12-12 Norbert Tihanyi , Tamas Bisztray , Mohamed Amine Ferrag , Ridhi Jain , Lucas C. Cordeiro

Writing has long been considered a hallmark of human intelligence and remains a pinnacle task for artificial intelligence (AI) due to the intricate cognitive processes involved. Recently, rapid advancements in generative AI, particularly…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-06 Samar M. Magdy , Fakhraddin Alwajih , Sang Yun Kwon , Reem Abdel-Salam , Muhammad Abdul-Mageed

While Large Language Models (LLMs) produce highly nuanced text simplifications, developers currently lack tools for a holistic, efficient, and reproducible diagnosis of their behavior. This paper introduces the Simplification Profiler, a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Lars Klöser , Mika Beele , Bodo Kraft