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The quadratic complexity of the attention mechanism and the substantial memory footprint of the Key-Value (KV) cache present severe computational and memory challenges for Large Language Models (LLMs) processing long contexts. Existing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Dongfang Li , Zixuan Liu , Gang Lin , Baotian Hu , Min Zhang

Large Language Model (LLM) inference is increasingly constrained by memory bandwidth, with frequent access to the key-value (KV) cache dominating data movement. While attention sparsity reduces some memory traffic, the relevance of past…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Yunhua Fang , Rui Xie , Asad Ul Haq , Linsen Ma , Kaoutar El Maghraoui , Naigang Wang , Meng Wang , Liu Liu , Tong Zhang

Recently, Flow Matching models have pushed the boundaries of high-fidelity data generation across a wide range of domains. It typically employs a single large network to learn the entire generative trajectory from noise to data. Despite…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-27 Dogyun Park , Taehoon Lee , Minseok Joo , Hyunwoo J. Kim

This paper presents a general framework to build fast and accurate algorithms for video enhancement tasks such as super-resolution, deblurring, and denoising. Essential to our framework is the realization that the accuracy, rather than the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-09-16 Yu Feng , Patrick Hansen , Paul N. Whatmough , Guoyu Lu , Yuhao Zhu

Transformer-based large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable potential across a wide range of practical applications. However, long-context inference remains a significant challenge due to the substantial memory requirements…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-01-09 Bo Jiang , Taolue Yang , Youyuan Liu , Xubin He , Sheng Di , Sian Jin

Transformers have emerged as the underpinning architecture for Large Language Models (LLMs). In generative language models, the inference process involves two primary phases: prompt processing and token generation. Token generation, which…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-09 Muhammad Adnan , Akhil Arunkumar , Gaurav Jain , Prashant J. Nair , Ilya Soloveychik , Purushotham Kamath

KV cache quantization can improve Large Language Models (LLMs) inference throughput and latency in long contexts and large batch-size scenarios while preserving LLMs effectiveness. However, current methods have three unsolved issues:…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-21 Xing Li , Zeyu Xing , Yiming Li , Linping Qu , Hui-Ling Zhen , Wulong Liu , Yiwu Yao , Sinno Jialin Pan , Mingxuan Yuan

Recent work has initiated the study of dense graph processing using graph sketching methods, which drastically reduce space costs by lossily compressing information about the input graph. In this paper, we explore the strange and surprising…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-11-18 David Tench , Evan T. West , Kenny Zhang , Michael Bender , Daniel DeLayo , Martin Farach-Colton , Gilvir Gill , Tyler Seip , Victor Zhang

Recently the generative Large Language Model (LLM) has achieved remarkable success in numerous applications. Notably its inference generates output tokens one-by-one, leading to many redundant computations. The widely-used KV-Cache…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-10 Weizhuo Li , Zhigang Wang , Yu Gu , Ge Yu

Prefix KV caching has become a key mechanism in LLM serving: it reduces time to first token (TTFT) by avoiding redundant computation across requests that share a prefix (i.e., the system prompt). However, the accumulated KV cache is often…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-05-25 Yu Zhu , Aditya Dhakal , Yunming Xiao , Dejan Milojicic , Gustavo Alonso

Over the last few years, Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) have become ubiquitous owing to their high accuracy on real-world tasks. However, this increase in accuracy comes at the cost of computationally expensive models leading to higher…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-02-10 Adarsh Kumar , Arjun Balasubramanian , Shivaram Venkataraman , Aditya Akella

KV caches, typically used only to speed up autoregressive decoding, encode contextual information that can be reused for downstream tasks at no extra cost. We propose treating the KV cache as a lightweight representation, eliminating the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-29 Zeyu Xing , Xing Li , Hui-Ling Zhen , Mingxuan Yuan , Sinno Jialin Pan

Network performance problems are notoriously difficult to diagnose. Prior profiling systems collect performance statistics by keeping information about each network flow, but maintaining per-flow state is not scalable on…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2019-11-19 Zaoxing Liu , Samson Zhou , Ori Rottenstreich , Vladimir Braverman , Jennifer Rexford

Aiming to minimize service delay, we propose a new random caching scheme in device-to-device (D2D)-assisted heterogeneous network. To support diversified viewing qualities of multimedia video services, each video file is encoded into a base…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2021-07-07 Xuewei Zhang , Tiejun Lv , Yuan Ren , Wei Ni , Norman C. Beaulieu

Recently, large vision-language models (LVLMs) have rapidly gained popularity for their strong generation and reasoning capabilities given diverse multimodal inputs. However, these models incur significant computational and memory overhead…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-20 Ao Wang , Hui Chen , Jiaxin Li , Jianchao Tan , Kefeng Zhang , Xunliang Cai , Zijia Lin , Jungong Han , Guiguang Ding

Attention is the dominant source of latency during long-context LLM inference, an increasingly popular workload with reasoning models and RAG. We propose Kascade, a training-free sparse attention method that leverages known observations…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-19 Dhruv Deshmukh , Saurabh Goyal , Nipun Kwatra , Ramachandran Ramjee

This work aims to improve the efficiency of text-to-image diffusion models. While diffusion models use computationally expensive UNet-based denoising operations in every generation step, we identify that not all operations are equally…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-02-21 Amirhossein Habibian , Amir Ghodrati , Noor Fathima , Guillaume Sautiere , Risheek Garrepalli , Fatih Porikli , Jens Petersen

With the growing size of deep neural networks and datasets, the computational costs of training have significantly increased. The layer-freezing technique has recently attracted great attention as a promising method to effectively reduce…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-22 Chence Yang , Ci Zhang , Lei Lu , Qitao Tan , Sheng Li , Ao Li , Xulong Tang , Shaoyi Huang , Jinzhen Wang , Guoming Li , Jundong Li , Xiaoming Zhai , Jin Lu , Geng Yuan

While diffusion-based generative models have made significant strides in visual content creation, conventional approaches face computational challenges, especially for high-resolution images, as they denoise the entire image from noisy…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Haohang Xu , Longyu Chen , Yichen Zhang , Shuangrui Ding , Zhipeng Zhang

Diffusion models have achieved remarkable success in image and video generation tasks. However, the high computational demands of Diffusion Transformers (DiTs) pose a significant challenge to their practical deployment. While feature…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Peiliang Cai , Jiacheng Liu , Haowen Xu , Xinyu Wang , Chang Zou , Linfeng Zhang