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Large language models (LLMs) achieve impressive results on advanced mathematics benchmarks but sometimes fail on basic arithmetic tasks, raising the question of whether they have truly grasped fundamental arithmetic rules or are merely…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-18 Yang Yan , Yu Lu , Renjun Xu , Zhenzhong Lan

As large language models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed in high-stakes and operational settings, evaluation strategies based solely on aggregate accuracy are often insucient to characterize system reliability. This study proposes a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-06 Hikmat Karimov , Rahid Zahid Alekberli

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) exhibit puzzling failures in multi-object visual tasks, such as hallucinating non-existent elements or failing to identify the most similar objects among distractions. While these errors mirror human cognitive…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Daniele Savietto , Declan Campbell , André Panisson , Marco Nurisso , Giovanni Petri , Jonathan D. Cohen , Alan Perotti

The outstanding performance of Large Multimodal Models (LMMs) has made them widely applied in vision-related tasks. However, various corruptions in the real world mean that images will not be as ideal as in simulations, presenting…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-10 Chunyi Li , Jianbo Zhang , Zicheng Zhang , Haoning Wu , Yuan Tian , Wei Sun , Guo Lu , Xiaohong Liu , Xiongkuo Min , Weisi Lin , Guangtao Zhai

Large reasoning models, often post-trained on long chain-of-thought (long CoT) data with reinforcement learning, achieve state-of-the-art performance on mathematical, coding, and domain-specific reasoning benchmarks. However, their logical…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Hanmeng Liu , Yiran Ding , Zhizhang Fu , Chaoli Zhang , Xiaozhang Liu , Yue Zhang

Large language models (LLMs) demonstrate strong performance across natural language processing tasks, yet undergo significant performance degradation when modified for deployment through quantization, pruning, or decoding strategy…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-01 Ziyang Ma , Zuchao Li , Lefei Zhang , Gui-Song Xia , Bo Du , Liangpei Zhang , Dacheng Tao

Large Language Models (LLMs) effectiveness is usually evaluated by means of benchmarks such as MMLU, ARC-C, or HellaSwag, where questions are presented in their original wording, thus in a fixed, standardized format. However, real-world…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-05 Riccardo Lunardi , Vincenzo Della Mea , Stefano Mizzaro , Kevin Roitero

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable advances in mathematical and logical reasoning, yet statistics, as a distinct and integrative discipline, remains underexplored in benchmarking efforts. To address this gap, we…

We investigate the calibration of large language models' (LLMs') confidence across diverse tasks. The results of our preregistered study show that the current crop of LLMs are, like people, too sure they are right: confidence exceeds…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Noam Michael , Daniel BenShushan , Jacob Bien , Don A. Moore

This paper investigates Large Language Models (LLMs) ability to assess the economic soundness and theoretical consistency of empirical findings in spatial econometrics. We created original and deliberately altered "counterfactual" summaries…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Giuseppe Arbia , Luca Morandini , Vincenzo Nardelli

Multilingual large language models (LLMs) often exhibit emergent 'shadow' capabilities in languages without official support, yet their performance on these languages remains uneven and under-measured. This is particularly acute for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-03 Peter Devine , William Lamb , Beatrice Alex , Ignatius Ezeani , Dawn Knight , Mícheál J. Ó Meachair , Paul Rayson , Martin Wynne

Large language models demonstrate impressive results across diverse tasks but are still known to hallucinate, generating linguistically plausible but incorrect answers to questions. Uncertainty quantification has been proposed as a strategy…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-03 Edward Phillips , Sean Wu , Soheila Molaei , Danielle Belgrave , Anshul Thakur , David Clifton

This paper explores the spatial reasoning capability of large language models (LLMs) over textual input through a suite of five tasks aimed at probing their spatial understanding and computational abilities. The models were tested on both…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-24 Maggie Bai , Ava Kim Cohen , Eleanor Koss , Charlie Lichtenbaum

Ensuring that large language models (LLMs) can effectively assess, detect, explain, and remediate software vulnerabilities is critical for building robust and secure software systems. We introduce VADER, a human-evaluated benchmark designed…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Ethan TS. Liu , Austin Wang , Spencer Mateega , Carlos Georgescu , Danny Tang

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) promise advanced vision language capabilities, yet their effectiveness in visually presented mathematics remains underexplored. This paper analyzes the development and evaluation of MLLMs for…

The rapid advancement of large language models (LLMs) necessitates evaluation frameworks that reflect real-world academic rigor and multilingual complexity. This paper introduces IndicEval, a scalable benchmarking platform designed to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-19 Saurabh Bharti , Gaurav Azad , Abhinaw Jagtap , Nachiket Tapas

Automated assistants for Grammatical Error Correction are now embedded in educational platforms serving millions of learners, yet three critical gaps remain in this domain: (1) latest-generation Large Language Models (LLMs) lack…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Adnan Labib , Qiao Wang , Yixuan Huang , Zheng Yuan

Large Multimodal Models have achieved remarkable progress in integrating vision and language, enabling strong performance across perception, reasoning, and domain-specific tasks. However, their capacity to reason over multiple, visually…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-09 Can Li , Ying Liu , Ting Zhang , Mei Wang , Hua Huang

Large Language Models are increasingly capable of interpreting multimodal inputs to generate complex 3D shapes, yet robust methods to evaluate geometric and structural fidelity remain underdeveloped. This paper introduces a human in the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-10 Ahmed R. Sadik , Mariusz Bujny

Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) typically align visual features from an encoder with a pre-trained Large Language Model (LLM). However, this makes the visual perception module a bottleneck, which constrains the overall capabilities of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Wenhao Zhou , Hao Zheng , Rong Zhao