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Current validation methods often rely on recorded data and basic functional checks, which may not be sufficient to encompass the scenarios an autonomous vehicle might encounter. In addition, there is a growing need for complex scenarios…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-02-08 Marc Kaufeld , Rainer Trauth , Johannes Betz

We consider the problem of generating realistic traffic scenes automatically. Existing methods typically insert actors into the scene according to a set of hand-crafted heuristics and are limited in their ability to model the true…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-01-19 Shuhan Tan , Kelvin Wong , Shenlong Wang , Sivabalan Manivasagam , Mengye Ren , Raquel Urtasun

Assessing drivers' interaction capabilities is crucial for understanding human driving behavior and enhancing the interactive abilities of autonomous vehicles. In scenarios involving strong interaction, existing metrics focused on…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-05-07 Jiaqi Liu , Peng Hang , Xiangwang Hu , Jian Sun

Evaluating the performance of autonomous vehicle planning algorithms necessitates simulating long-tail safety-critical traffic scenarios. However, traditional methods for generating such scenarios often fall short in terms of…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-08-08 Wei-Jer Chang , Francesco Pittaluga , Masayoshi Tomizuka , Wei Zhan , Manmohan Chandraker

Large-scale numerical simulations underpin modern scientific discovery but remain constrained by prohibitive computational costs. AI surrogates offer acceleration, yet adoption in mission-critical settings is limited by concerns over…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Dawei Gao , Dali Wang , Zhuowei Gu , Qinglei Cao , Xiao Wang , Peter Thornton , Dan Ricciuto , Yunhe Feng

A central challenge for autonomous vehicles is coordinating with humans. Therefore, incorporating realistic human agents is essential for scalable training and evaluation of autonomous driving systems in simulation. Simulation agents are…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-06-25 Daphne Cornelisse , Eugene Vinitsky

This paper presents a safe imitation learning approach for autonomous vehicle driving, with attention on real-life human driving data and experimental validation. In order to increase occupant's acceptance and gain drivers' trust, the…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-10-11 Flavia Sofia Acerbo , Mohsen Alirezaei , Herman Van der Auweraer , Tong Duy Son

Simulation has the potential to massively scale evaluation of self-driving systems enabling rapid development as well as safe deployment. To close the gap between simulation and the real world, we need to simulate realistic multi-agent…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-01-19 Simon Suo , Sebastian Regalado , Sergio Casas , Raquel Urtasun

Training intelligent agents that can drive autonomously in various urban and highway scenarios has been a hot topic in the robotics society within the last decades. However, the diversity of driving environments in terms of road topology…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-04-06 Behrad Toghi , Rodolfo Valiente , Ramtin Pedarsani , Yaser P. Fallah

Autonomous systems have achieved superhuman performance in isolation or simulation, yet they remain brittle in shared, dynamic real-world spaces. This failure stems from the dominant single-agent paradigm for physical applications, where…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Ismail Geles , Leonard Bauersfeld , Markus Wulfmeier , Davide Scaramuzza

Enhancing simulation environments to replicate real-world driver behavior, i.e., more humanlike sim agents, is essential for developing autonomous vehicle technology. In the context of highway merging, previous works have studied the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-18 Dustin Holley , Jovin D'sa , Hossein Nourkhiz Mahjoub , Gibran Ali

Synthesizing human motions in 3D environments, particularly those with complex activities such as locomotion, hand-reaching, and human-object interaction, presents substantial demands for user-defined waypoints and stage transitions. These…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-10 Nan Jiang , Zimo He , Zi Wang , Hongjie Li , Yixin Chen , Siyuan Huang , Yixin Zhu

The actions of an autonomous vehicle on the road affect and are affected by those of other drivers, whether overtaking, negotiating a merge, or avoiding an accident. This mutual dependence, best captured by dynamic game theory, creates a…

Robotics · Computer Science 2018-10-16 Jaime F. Fisac , Eli Bronstein , Elis Stefansson , Dorsa Sadigh , S. Shankar Sastry , Anca D. Dragan

This paper presents an MFG-based decision-making framework for autonomous driving in heterogeneous traffic. To capture diverse human behaviors, we propose a quantitative driving style representation that maps abstract traits to parameters…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-09-08 Liancheng Zheng , Zhen Tian , Yangfan He , Shuo Liu , Huilin Chen , Fujiang Yuan , Yanhong Peng

Recent advancements in deep learning and the availability of high-quality real-world driving datasets have propelled end-to-end autonomous driving. Despite this progress, relying solely on real-world data limits the variety of driving…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-10-29 Jongsuk Kim , Jaeyoung Lee , Gyojin Han , Dongjae Lee , Minki Jeong , Junmo Kim

Simultaneous trajectory prediction for multiple heterogeneous traffic participants is essential for the safe and efficient operation of connected automated vehicles under complex driving situations in the real world. The multi-agent…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-06-15 Xiaoyu Mo , Yang Xing , Chen Lv

In contemporary autonomous driving testing, virtual simulation has become an important approach due to its efficiency and cost effectiveness. However, existing methods usually rely on reinforcement learning to generate risky scenarios,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Chen Xiong , Cheng Wang , Yuhang Liu , Zirui Wu , Ye Tian

Despite advances in hierarchical reinforcement learning, its applications to path planning in autonomous driving on highways are challenging. One reason is that conventional hierarchical reinforcement learning approaches are not amenable to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-11 Jaehyun Kim , Jaeseung Jeong

Autonomous driving technologies have achieved significant advances in recent years, yet their real-world deployment remains constrained by data scarcity, safety requirements, and the need for generalization across diverse environments. In…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-06 A. Humnabadkar , A. Sikdar , B. Cave , H. Zhang , N. Bessis , A. Behera

We consider a transportation system of heterogeneously connected vehicles, where not all vehicles are able to communicate. Heterogeneous connectivity in transportation systems is coupled to practical constraints such that (i) not all…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2016-08-29 Shanyu Zhou , Hulya Seferoglu