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For web agents to be practically useful, they must adapt to the continuously evolving web environment characterized by frequent updates to user interfaces and content. However, most existing benchmarks only capture the static aspects of the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-17 Yichen Pan , Dehan Kong , Sida Zhou , Cheng Cui , Yifei Leng , Bing Jiang , Hangyu Liu , Yanyi Shang , Shuyan Zhou , Tongshuang Wu , Zhengyang Wu

Recent advances in large language models have enabled LLM-based agents to achieve strong performance on a variety of benchmarks. However, their performance in real-world deployments often that observed on benchmark settings, especially in…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-19 Ruipeng Wang , Yuxin Chen , Yukai Wang , Chang Wu , Junfeng Fang , Xiaodong Cai , Qi Gu , Hui Su , An Zhang , Xiang Wang , Xunliang Cai , Tat-Seng Chua

Recent advances in browser-based LLM agents have shown promise for automating tasks ranging from simple form filling to hotel booking or online shopping. Current benchmarks measure agent performance in controlled environments, such as…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Su Kara , Fazle Faisal , Suman Nath

Recently, large language model (LLM)-based agents have achieved significant success in interactive environments, attracting significant academic and industrial attention. Despite these advancements, current research predominantly focuses on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-22 Peng Wang , Ruihan Tao , Qiguang Chen , Mengkang Hu , Libo Qin

Recent progress in GUI agents has substantially improved visual grounding, yet robust planning remains challenging, particularly when the environment deviates from a canonical initial state. In real applications, users often invoke…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Henry Hengyuan Zhao , Kaiming Yang , Wendi Yu , Difei Gao , Mike Zheng Shou

Language agents increasingly act as web-enabled systems that search, browse, and synthesize information from diverse sources. However, these sources can include unreliable or adversarial content, and the robustness of agents to adversarial…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Shrey Shah , Levent Ozgur

We introduce REAL, a benchmark and framework for multi-turn agent evaluations on deterministic simulations of real-world websites. REAL comprises high-fidelity, deterministic replicas of 11 widely-used websites across domains such as…

With advances in generative AI, there is now potential for autonomous agents to manage daily tasks via natural language commands. However, current agents are primarily created and tested in simplified synthetic environments, leading to a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-04-17 Shuyan Zhou , Frank F. Xu , Hao Zhu , Xuhui Zhou , Robert Lo , Abishek Sridhar , Xianyi Cheng , Tianyue Ou , Yonatan Bisk , Daniel Fried , Uri Alon , Graham Neubig

Autonomous web agents solve complex browsing tasks, yet existing benchmarks measure only whether an agent finishes a task, ignoring whether it does so safely or in a way enterprises can trust. To integrate these agents into critical…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Ido Levy , Ben Wiesel , Sami Marreed , Alon Oved , Avi Yaeli , Segev Shlomov

Large language models are increasingly deployed as specialized agents that plan, call tools, and take actions over extended horizons. Yet many existing evaluations assume a "clean interface" where dynamics are specified and stable, tools…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Pouya Pezeshkpour , Estevam Hruschka

Agentic Web is an emerging paradigm where autonomous agents help users use online information. As the paradigm develops, content providers are also deploying agents to manage their data and serve it through controlled interfaces. This shift…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Shanshan Zhong , Kate Shen , Chenyan Xiong

Recent progress in large language models (LLMs) has enabled the development of autonomous web agents capable of navigating and interacting with real websites. However, evaluating such agents remains challenging due to the instability and…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-08-14 Zihao Sun , Ling Chen

Graphical User Interface (GUI) agents show strong capabilities for automating web tasks, but existing interactive benchmarks primarily target benign, predictable consumer environments. Their effectiveness in high-stakes, investigative…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Renqi Chen , Zeyin Tao , Jianming Guo , Jing Wang , Zezhou Xu , Jingzhe Zhu , Qingqing Sun , Tianyi Zhang , Shuai Chen

The rapid growth of AI agent ecosystems is transforming how complex tasks are delegated and executed, creating a new challenge of identifying suitable agents for a given task. Unlike traditional tools, agent capabilities are often…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-27 Bin Wu , Arastun Mammadli , Xiaoyu Zhang , Emine Yilmaz

Can advanced multi-modal models effectively tackle complex web-based tasks? Such tasks are often found on crowdsourcing platforms, where crowdworkers engage in challenging micro-tasks within web-based environments. Building on this idea, we…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Kevin Xu , Yeganeh Kordi , Tanay Nayak , Adi Asija , Yizhong Wang , Kate Sanders , Adam Byerly , Jingyu Zhang , Benjamin Van Durme , Daniel Khashabi

With the advancement of multimodal large language models (MLLMs) and coding agents, the website development has shifted from manual programming to agent-based project-level code synthesis. Existing benchmarks rely on idealized assumptions,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Qiyao Wang , Haoran Hu , Longze Chen , Hongbo Wang , Hamid Alinejad-Rokny , Yuan Lin , Min Yang

Web agents based on large language models have demonstrated promising capability in automating web tasks. However, current web agents struggle to reason out sensible actions due to the limitations of predicting environment changes, and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-18 Zhouzhou Shen , Xueyu Hu , Xiyun Li , Tianqing Fang , Juncheng Li , Shengyu Zhang

The development of high-quality datasets is crucial for benchmarking and advancing research in Graphical User Interface (GUI) agents. Despite their importance, existing datasets are often constructed under idealized conditions, overlooking…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-18 Jingqi Yang , Zhilong Song , Jiawei Chen , Mingli Song , Sheng Zhou , linjun sun , Xiaogang Ouyang , Chun Chen , Can Wang

Current large language model agents predominantly operate under a reactive paradigm, responding only to immediate user queries within short-term sessions. This limitation hinders their ability to maintain long-term user's intents and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-15 Qinglong Shi , Donghai Wang , Hantao Zhou , Jiguo Li , Jun Xu , Jiuchong Gao , Jinghua Hao , Renqing He

The evolution of Large Language Models (LLMs) into autonomous agents necessitates the management of extensive, dynamic contexts. Current benchmarks, however, remain largely static, relying on passive retrieval tasks that fail to simulate…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Shicheng Fang , Yuxin Wang , Xiaoran Liu , Jiahao Lu , Chuanyuan Tan , Xinchi Chen , Yining Zheng , Xuanjing Huang , Xipeng Qiu
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