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Formalising informal mathematical reasoning into formally verifiable code is a significant challenge for large language models. In scientific fields such as physics, domain-specific machinery (\textit{e.g.} Dirac notation, vector calculus)…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Jordan Meadows , Lan Zhang , Andre Freitas

Automated theorem proving (ATP) has been a classical problem in artificial intelligence since its inception, yet it remains challenging due to its vast state and action space. Large language models (LLMs) have recently emerged as a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-22 Matěj Kripner , Michal Šustr , Milan Straka

We present StepFun-Prover Preview, a large language model designed for formal theorem proving through tool-integrated reasoning. Using a reinforcement learning pipeline that incorporates tool-based interactions, StepFun-Prover can achieve…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-14 Shijie Shang , Ruosi Wan , Yue Peng , Yutong Wu , Xiong-hui Chen , Jie Yan , Xiangyu Zhang

We implement a user-extensible ad hoc connection between the Lean proof assistant and the computer algebra system Mathematica. By reflecting the syntax of each system in the other and providing a flexible interface for extending…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2021-01-20 Robert Y. Lewis , Minchao Wu

The demand for innovation in product design necessitates a prolific ideation phase. Conversational AI (CAI) systems that use Large Language Models (LLMs) such as GPT (Generative Pre-trained Transformer) have been shown to be fruitful in…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-19 B. Sankar , Dibakar Sen

Can artificial intelligence truly contribute to creative mathematical research, or does it merely automate routine calculations while introducing risks of error? We provide empirical evidence through a detailed case study: the discovery of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Tan Bui-Thanh

With the proliferation of data across various domains, there is a critical demand for tools that enable non-experts to derive meaningful insights without deep data analysis skills. To address this need, existing automatic fact sheet…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-02-26 Minh Duc Vu , Jieshan Chen , Zhenchang Xing , Qinghua Lu , Xiwei Xu , Qian Fu

The evaluation of explanation methods is a research topic that has not yet been explored deeply, however, since explainability is supposed to strengthen trust in artificial intelligence, it is necessary to systematically review and compare…

Interpretability tools that offer explanations in the form of a dialogue have demonstrated their efficacy in enhancing users' understanding (Slack et al., 2023; Shen et al., 2023), as one-off explanations may fall short in providing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-25 Qianli Wang , Tatiana Anikina , Nils Feldhus , Josef van Genabith , Leonhard Hennig , Sebastian Möller

Building machines that can understand text like humans is an AI-complete problem. A great deal of research has already gone into this, with astounding results, allowing everyday people to discuss with their telephones, or have their reading…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2017-09-13 Christina Lioma

Recent advances in large language models have demonstrated impressive capabilities in mathematical formalization. However, existing benchmarks focus on logical verification of declarative propositions, often neglecting the task of…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Bowen Yang , Yi Yuan , Chenyi Li , Ziyu Wang , Liangqi Li , Bo Zhang , Zhe Li , Zaiwen Wen

Artificial intelligence (AI) copilots are increasingly integrated into enterprise cybersecurity platforms to assist analysts in threat detection, triage, and remediation. However, the effectiveness of these systems depends not only on the…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Mona Rajhans

Large Language Models (LLMs) have been successful in mathematical reasoning tasks such as formal theorem proving when integrated with interactive proof assistants like Lean. Existing approaches involve training or fine-tuning an LLM on a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-07 Adarsh Kumarappan , Mo Tiwari , Peiyang Song , Robert Joseph George , Chaowei Xiao , Anima Anandkumar

We present a novel AI-based ideation assistant and evaluate it in a user study with a group of innovators. The key contribution of our work is twofold: we propose a method of idea exploration in a constrained domain by means of…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-11-07 Thomas Sandholm , Sarah Dong , Sayandev Mukherjee , John Feland , Bernardo A. Huberman

Neural networks are increasingly deployed in scientific, safety critical, and mission critical pipelines, yet verification and analysis are often performed outside the programming environment that defines and runs the model. This creates a…

Mathematical Software · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Robert Joseph George , Jennifer Cruden , Will Adkisson , Xiangru Zhong , Huan Zhang , Anima Anandkumar

High-stakes decision systems increasingly require structured justification, traceability, and auditability to ensure accountability and regulatory compliance. Formal arguments commonly used in the certification of safety-critical systems…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Mahyar T. Moghaddam

As AI systems grow increasingly capable of operating for hours or days at a time, users' prompts are transforming into elaborate specifications for the AI to autonomously work on. While prompting for bounded, single-turn tasks has been…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Savvas Petridis , Michael Xieyang Liu , Alexander J. Fiannaca , Carrie J. Cai , Michael Terry

Formal specifications, such as pre- and post-conditions provide a solid basis for performing thorough program verification. However, developers rarely provide such formal specifications, hence if AI could help in constructing them, it would…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-03-19 I. S. W. B. Prasetya , Fitsum Kifetew , Davide Prandi

Autoformalization addresses the scarcity of data for Automated Theorem Proving (ATP) by translating mathematical problems from natural language into formal statements. Efforts in recent work shift from directly prompting large language…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-09 Qi Guo , Jianing Wang , Jianfei Zhang , Deyang Kong , Xiangzhou Huang , Xiangyu Xi , Wei Wang , Jingang Wang , Xunliang Cai , Shikun Zhang , Wei Ye

Nowadays, formal theorem provers have made monumental progress on high-school and competition-level mathematics, but few of them generalize to more advanced mathematics. In this paper, we present REAL-Prover, a new open-source stepwise…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Ziju Shen , Naohao Huang , Fanyi Yang , Yutong Wang , Guoxiong Gao , Tianyi Xu , Jiedong Jiang , Wanyi He , Pu Yang , Mengzhou Sun , Haocheng Ju , Peihao Wu , Bryan Dai , Bin Dong
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