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Distributing secret keys with information-theoretic security is arguably one of the most important achievements of the field of quantum information processing and communications. The rapid progress in this field has enabled quantum key…

Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) is a leading technology for enabling information-theoretic secure communication, with protocols such as BB84 and its variants already deployed in practical field implementations. As QKD evolves from…

Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) is a promising technique for ensuring long-term security in communication systems. Unlike conventional key exchange methods like RSA, which quantum computers could theoretically break [1], QKD offers enhanced…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-12-13 Gian-Luca Haiden

Quantum key distribution (QKD) promises information-theoretic security based on quantum mechanics and idealized device models. Practical implementations, however, deviate from these models due to unavoidable device imperfections, and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-14 Álvaro Navarrete , Guillermo Currás-Lorenzo , Margarida Pereira , Marcos Curty

Quantum key distribution (QKD) has been emerged as a promising solution for guaranteeing information-theoretic security. Inspired by this, a great amount of research effort has been recently put on designing and testing QKD systems as well…

Quantum key distribution (QKD) enables secure communication by harnessing the fundamental principles of quantum physics, which inherently guarantee information-theoretic security and intrinsic resistance to quantum computing attacks.…

In the evolving landscape of quantum technology, the increasing prominence of quantum computing poses a significant threat to the security of conventional public key infrastructure. Quantum key distribution (QKD), an established quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-10-15 Kaiwei Qiu , Jing Yan Haw , Hao Qin , Nelly H. Y. Ng , Michael Kasper , Alexander Ling

Quantum key distribution (QKD) has been developed within the last decade that is provably secure against arbitrary computing power, and even against quantum computer attacks. Now there is a strong need of research to exploit this technology…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2009-01-30 Muhammad Mubashir Khan , Salahuddin Hyder , Mahmood K Pathan , Kashif H Sheikh

Challenges facing the deployment of quantum key distribution (QKD) systems in critical infrastructure protection applications include the optical loss-key rate tradeoff, addition of network clients, and interoperability of vendor-specific…

Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) supports the negotiation and sharing of private keys with unconditional security between authorized parties. Over the years, theoretical advances and experimental demonstrations have successfully transitioned…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-17 Haoran Zhang , Haotao Zhu , Ruihua He , Yan Zhang , Chao Ding , Lajos Hanzo , Weibo Gao

Future global quantum communication networks, or quantum Internet, will realize high-rate secure communication and entanglement distribution for large-scale users over long distances. Continuous variable (CV) quantum key distribution (QKD)…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-26 Zhiyue Zuo , Masoud Ghalaii , Stefano Pirandola

Underwater quantum key distribution (QKD) has potential applications in absolutely secure underwater communication. However, the performance of underwater QKD is limited by the optical elements, background light, and dark counts of the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-05-22 Shi-Cheng Zhao , Xin-Hong Han , Ya Xiao , Yuan Shen , Yong-Jian Gu , Wen-Dong Li

Quantum key distribution (QKD) is a secure communication method that utilizes the principles of quantum mechanics to establish secret keys. The central task in the study of QKD is to prove security in the presence of an eavesdropper with…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-09-14 Sirui Peng , Xiaoming Sun , Hongyi Zhou

A working free-space quantum key distribution (QKD) system has been developed and tested over an outdoor optical path of ~1 km at Los Alamos National Laboratory under nighttime conditions. Results show that QKD can provide secure real-time…

The continuous-variable version of quantum key distribution (QKD) offers the advantages (over discrete-variable systems) of higher secret key rates in metropolitan areas as well as the use of standard telecom components that can operate at…

Quantum computing poses significant threats to conventional cryptographic techniques such as RSA and AES, motivating the need for quantum secure communication methods. Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) offers information theoretic security…

Information-theoretical security of quantum key distribution (QKD) has been convincingly proven in recent years and remarkable experiments have shown the potential of QKD for real world applications. Due to its unique capability of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-03-26 Marco Lucamarini , James F. Dynes , Bernd Fröhlich , Zhiliang Yuan , Andrew J. Shields

The accelerating digitalization and decentralization of modern power systems expose critical communication infrastructures to escalating cyber risks, particularly under emerging quantum computing threats. This paper presents an integrated…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-10-20 Ziqing Zhu

Quantum key distribution (QKD) promises unconditional security in data communication and is currently being deployed in commercial applications. Nonetheless, before QKD can be widely adopted, it faces a number of important challenges such…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-01-24 Eleni Diamanti , Hoi-Kwong Lo , Bing Qi , Zhiliang Yuan

Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) is rapidly transitioning from cutting-edge laboratory research to real-world deployment in established communication networks. Although QKD promises future-proof security, practical challenges stil exist due…

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