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Quantum repeaters have long been established to be essential for distributing entanglement over long distances. Consequently, their experimental realization constitutes a core challenge of quantum communication. However, there are numerous…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-04-04 Julius Wallnöfer , Frederik Hahn , Fabian Wiesner , Nathan Walk , Jens Eisert

Quantum repeater networks distribute entanglement over lossy links while many users share a limited pool of entangled pairs. Most existing routing schemes either always use a single best path or rely on global optimizations that are hard to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-31 Ankit Mishra , Kang Hao Cheong

The quantum repeater protocol is a promising approach to implement long-distance quantum communication and large-scale quantum networks. A key idea of the quantum repeater protocol is to use long-lived quantum memories to achieve efficient…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-01-31 Yunfei Pu , Sheng Zhang , Yukai Wu , Nan Jiang , Wei Chang , Chang Li , Luming Duan

We present a quantum repeater scheme based on the recently proposed qubit amplifier [N. Gisin, S. Pironio and N. Sangouard, Phys. Rev. Lett. 105, 070501 (2010)]. It relies on a on-demand entangled-photon pair source which uses on-demand…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-03 Jiří Minář , Hugues de Riedmatten , Nicolas Sangouard

Quantum repeaters are critical to the development of quantum networks, enabling rates of entanglement distribution beyond those attainable by direct transmission. We consider multiple continuous-variable, squeezed light-based entanglement…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-01-24 Ian J. Tillman , Allison Rubenok , Saikat Guha , Kaushik P. Seshadreesan

Our objective was to design a quantum repeater capable of achieving one million entangled pairs per second over a distance of 1000km. We failed, but not by much. In this letter we will describe the series of developments that permitted us…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-05-14 W. J. Munro , K. A. Harrison , A. M. Stephens , S. J. Devitt , Kae Nemoto

We analyze the performance of a quantum repeater protocol based on single trapped ions. At each node, single trapped ions embedded into high finesse cavities emit single photons whose polarization is entangled with the ion state. A specific…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-05-13 Nicolas Sangouard , Romain Dubessy , Christoph Simon

Quantum optical states are fragile and can become corrupted when passed through a lossy communication channel. Unlike for classical signals, optical amplifiers cannot be used to recover quantum signals. Quantum repeaters have been proposed…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-02-15 Josephine Dias , Timothy C Ralph

We present a "hybrid quantum repeater" protocol for the long-distance distribution of atomic entangled states beyond qubits. In our scheme, imperfect noisy entangled pairs of two qudits, i.e., two discrete-variable $d$-level systems, each…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-04-03 Marcel Bergmann , Peter van Loock

Reliable distribution of quantum entanglement over long distances is a central challenge in quantum information science, fundamentally limited by decoherence in noisy communication channels. In this work, we investigate the asymptotic…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-25 Piotr Masajada , Aby Philip , Alexander Streltsov

In quantum communication via noisy channels, the error probability scales exponentially with the length of the channel. We present a scheme of a quantum repeater that overcomes this limitation. The central idea is to connect a string of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 H. -J. Briegel , W. Dür , J. I. Cirac , P. Zoller

The field of quantum communications promises the faithful distribution of quantum information, quantum entanglement, and absolutely secret keys. However, the highest rates of these tasks are fundamentally limited by the transmission…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-06-16 Matthew Winnel

Satellite-serviced quantum networks pose an architectural problem distinct from classical satellite networking: because entanglement cannot be copied, and long-lived buffering is technologically constrained for near-term devices, useful…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-05 Prateek Mantri , Stav Haldar , Albert Williams , Don Towsley

We investigate the influence of memory errors in the quantum repeater scheme for long-range quantum communication. We show that the communication distance is limited in standard operation mode due to memory errors resulting from unavoidable…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 L. Hartmann , B. Kraus , H. -J. Briegel , W. Dür

Quantum repeaters are pivotal in the physical layer of the quantum internet. For its development, quantum repeaters capable of efficient entanglement distribution are necessary. Quantum repeater schemes based on single-photon interference…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-11-18 Daisuke Yoshida , Tomoyuki Horikiri

Quantum repeaters create long-distance entanglement between quantum systems while overcoming difficulties such as the attenuation of single photons in a fiber. Recently, an implementation of a repeater protocol based on single qubits in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-07-03 L. Jiang , J. M. Taylor , M. D. Lukin

Losses are one of the main bottlenecks for the distribution of entanglement in quantum networks, which can be overcome by the implementation of quantum repeaters. The most basic form of a quantum repeater chain is the swap ASAP repeater…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-05-21 Kenneth Goodenough , Tim Coopmans , Don Towsley

The ability to transmit quantum states over long distances is a fundamental requirement of the quantum internet and is reliant upon quantum repeaters. Quantum repeaters involve entangled photon sources that emit and deliver photonic…

Future quantum technologies such as quantum communication, quantum sensing, and distributed quantum computation, will rely on networks of shared entanglement between spatially separated nodes. In this work, we provide improved…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-04-02 Stav Haldar , Pratik J. Barge , Sumeet Khatri , Hwang Lee

We present a detailed rate analysis for a hybrid quantum repeater assuming perfect memories and using optimal probabilistic entanglement generation and deterministic swapping routines. The hybrid quantum repeater protocol is based on atomic…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-03-09 Nadja K. Bernardes , Ludmiła Praxmeyer , Peter van Loock
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