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We present a full-stack optimization framework for accelerating inference of CNNs (Convolutional Neural Networks) and validate the approach with field-programmable gate arrays (FPGA) implementations. By jointly optimizing CNN models,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-05-03 Bradley McDanel , Sai Qian Zhang , H. T. Kung , Xin Dong

Deep learning inference on embedded devices is a burgeoning field with myriad applications because tiny embedded devices are omnipresent. But we must overcome major challenges before we can benefit from this opportunity. Embedded processors…

We present a compilation flow for the generation of CNN inference accelerators on FPGAs. The flow translates a frozen model into OpenCL kernels with the TVM compiler and uses the Intel OpenCL SDK to compile to an FPGA bitstream. We improve…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2022-03-09 Seung-Hun Chung , Tarek S. Abdelrahman

Running machine learning inference on tiny devices, known as TinyML, is an emerging research area. This task requires generating inference code that uses memory frugally, a task that standard ML frameworks are ill-suited for. A deployment…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-01 Shikhar Jaiswal , Rahul Kiran Kranti Goli , Aayan Kumar , Vivek Seshadri , Rahul Sharma

Automated design methods for convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have recently been developed in order to increase the design productivity. We propose a neuroevolution method capable of evolving and optimizing CNNs with respect to the…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2019-10-16 Filip Badan , Lukas Sekanina

We introduce an automated tool for deploying ultra low-latency, low-power deep neural networks with convolutional layers on FPGAs. By extending the hls4ml library, we demonstrate an inference latency of $5\,\mu$s using convolutional…

Photonic Microring Resonator (MRR) based hardware accelerators have been shown to provide disruptive speedup and energy-efficiency improvements for processing deep Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs). However, previous MRR-based CNN…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2022-07-13 Sairam Sri Vatsavai , Ishan G Thakkar

On-device CNN inference for real-time computer vision applications can result in computational demands that far exceed the energy budgets of mobile devices. This paper proposes FixyNN, a co-designed hardware accelerator platform which…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-02-28 Paul Whatmough , Chuteng Zhou , Patrick Hansen , Matthew Mattina

Energy efficiency and memory footprint of a convolutional neural network (CNN) implemented on a CNN inference accelerator depend on many factors, including a weight quantization strategy (i.e., data types and bit-widths) and mapping (i.e.,…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-07-23 Jan Klhufek , Miroslav Safar , Vojtech Mrazek , Zdenek Vasicek , Lukas Sekanina

Deep Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) have achieved state-of-the-art performance in a wide range of applications. However, deeper CNN models, which are usually computation consuming, are widely required for complex Artificial…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-01-08 Chaoyang Zhu , Kejie Huang , Shuyuan Yang , Ziqi Zhu , Hejia Zhang , Haibin Shen

Spectral-domain CNNs have been shown to be more efficient than traditional spatial CNNs in terms of reducing computation complexity. However they come with a `kernel explosion' problem that, even after compression (pruning), imposes a high…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2023-10-18 Yue Niu , Rajgopal Kannan , Ajitesh Srivastava , Viktor Prasanna

Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) with large kernels, drawing inspiration from the key operations of vision transformers (ViTs), have demonstrated impressive performance in various vision-based applications. To address the issue of…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-02-23 Miaoxin Wang , Xiao Wu , Jun Lin , Zhongfeng Wang

A new field programmable gate array (FPGA)-based emulation platform is proposed to accelerate fault tolerance analysis of inference accelerators of convolutional neural networks (CNN). For a given CNN model, hardware accelerator…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-07-23 Filip Masar , Vojtech Mrazek , Lukas Sekanina

Recent advancements in machine learning (ML) have enabled its deployment on resource-constrained edge devices, fostering innovative applications such as intelligent environmental sensing. However, these devices, particularly…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-15 Yi Hu , Jinhang Zuo , Eddie Zhang , Bob Iannucci , Carlee Joe-Wong

In recent years, convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have demonstrated their ability to solve problems in many fields and with accuracy that was not possible before. However, this comes with extensive computational requirements, which made…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2022-09-26 Sadiq M. Sait , Aiman El-Maleh , Mohammad Altakrouri , Ahmad Shawahna

Recent studies have extensively explored NPU architectures for accelerating AI inference in on-device environments, which are inherently resource-constrained. Meanwhile, transformer-based large language models (LLMs) have become dominant,…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-02-16 Jonghun Lee , Junghoon Lee , Hyeonjin Kim , Seoho Jeon , Jisup Yoon , Hyunbin Park , Meejeong Park , Heonjae Ha

Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) are widely used in deep learning applications, e.g. visual systems, robotics etc. However, existing software solutions are not efficient. Therefore, many hardware accelerators have been proposed…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-08 Sasindu Wijeratne , Sandaruwan Jayaweera , Mahesh Dananjaya , Ajith Pasqual

The deployment of Quantized Neural Networks (QNNs) on resource-constrained edge devices, such as microcontrollers (MCUs), introduces fundamental challenges in balancing model performance, computational complexity, and memory constraints.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-08 Hamza A. Abushahla , Dara Varam , Ariel Justine N. Panopio , Mohamed I. AlHajri

Implementing Machine Learning (ML) models on Field-Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) is becoming increasingly popular across various domains as a low-latency and low-power solution that helps manage large data rates generated by continuously…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-13 Mohammad Mehdi Rahimifar , Hamza Ezzaoui Rahali , Audrey C. Therrien

Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) have achieved state-of-the-art accuracy in Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Automatic Target Recognition (ATR). However, their high computational cost, latency, and memory footprint make its deployment…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-03-05 Sachini Wickramasinghe , Tian Ye , Cauligi Raghavendra , Viktor Prasanna