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Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable performance across a wide range of reasoning tasks. Recent methods have further improved LLM performance in complex mathematical reasoning. However, when extending these methods…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Chen He , Xun Jiang , Lei Wang , Hao Yang , Chong Peng , Peng Yan , Fumin Shen , Xing Xu

A common technique for aligning large language models (LLMs) relies on acquiring human preferences by comparing multiple generations conditioned on a fixed context. This method, however, relies solely on pairwise comparisons, where the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-09 Hritik Bansal , Ashima Suvarna , Gantavya Bhatt , Nanyun Peng , Kai-Wei Chang , Aditya Grover

Long chain-of-thought (CoT) significantly enhances the reasoning capabilities of large language models (LLMs). However, extensive reasoning traces lead to inefficiencies and increased time-to-first-token (TTFT). We propose a training…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-08 Roy Xie , David Qiu , Deepak Gopinath , Dong Lin , Yanchao Sun , Chong Wang , Saloni Potdar , Bhuwan Dhingra

While Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has exhibited promise in utilizing external knowledge, its generation process heavily depends on the quality and accuracy of the retrieved context. Large language models (LLMs) struggle to evaluate…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Shi-Qi Yan , Quan Liu , Zhen-Hua Ling

Recently, online Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards (RLVR) has become a key paradigm for enhancing the reasoning capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs). However, existing methods typically treat all training samples…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Shijie Zhang , Guohao Sun , Kevin Zhang , Xiang Guo , Rujun Guo

Large Language Models (LLMs) in multi-turn conversations often suffer from a ``lost-in-conversation'' phenomenon, where they struggle to recover from early incorrect assumptions, particularly when users provide ambiguous initial…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-23 Zhebo Wang , Xiaohu Mu , Zijie Zhou , Mohan Li , Wenpeng Xing , Dezhang Kong , Meng Han

As the era of large language models (LLMs) unfolds, Preference Optimization (PO) methods have become a central approach to aligning LLMs with human preferences and improving performance. We propose Maximum a Posteriori Preference…

Automated theorem proving (ATP) is one of the most challenging mathematical reasoning tasks for Large Language Models (LLMs). Most existing LLM-based ATP methods rely on supervised fine-tuning, which results in a limited alignment between…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-27 Shuming Shi , Ruobing Zuo , Gaolei He , Jianlin Wang , Chenyang Xu , Zhengfeng Yang

Large Reasoning Models (LRMs) have shown exceptional reasoning capabilities, but they also suffer from the issue of overthinking, often generating excessively long and redundant answers. For problems that exceed the model's capabilities,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-23 Yinan Xia , Haotian Zhang , Huiming Wang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated unprecedented generative capabilities, yet their alignment with human values remains critical for ensuring helpful and harmless deployments. While Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback…

While large-scale unsupervised language models (LMs) learn broad world knowledge and some reasoning skills, achieving precise control of their behavior is difficult due to the completely unsupervised nature of their training. Existing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-31 Rafael Rafailov , Archit Sharma , Eric Mitchell , Stefano Ermon , Christopher D. Manning , Chelsea Finn

Recent advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs) have shifted from explicit Chain-of-Thought (CoT) reasoning to more efficient latent reasoning, where intermediate thoughts are represented as vectors rather than text. However, latent…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Wengao Ye , Yan Liang , Lianlei Shan

In the field of large language models (LLMs), aligning models with the diverse preferences of users is a critical challenge. Direct Preference Optimization (DPO) has played a key role in this area. It works by using pairs of preferences…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-29 Yueqin Yin , Zhendong Wang , Yi Gu , Hai Huang , Weizhu Chen , Mingyuan Zhou

Reasoning language models have shown an uncanny ability to improve performance at test-time by ``thinking longer''-that is, by generating longer chain-of-thought sequences and hence using more compute. However, the length of their…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-06 Pranjal Aggarwal , Sean Welleck

Multimodal Large Reasoning Models introduce the reasoning paradigm, demonstrating strong capabilities on complex vision-language tasks. However, they still suffer from severe hallucinations. Existing training-based methods typically…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Jiawei Kong , Hao Fang , Shunxiang Liao , Jinyu Li , Bin Chen , Hao Wu , Shu-Tao Xia , Min Zhang

Direct Preference Optimization (DPO) using an implicit reward model has proven to be an effective alternative to reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF) for fine-tuning preference aligned large language models (LLMs). However, the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-30 Guoxin Chen , Minpeng Liao , Chengxi Li , Kai Fan

Applying Reinforcement Learning (RL) to Video Large Language Models (Video-LLMs) shows significant promise for complex video reasoning. However, popular Reinforcement Fine-Tuning (RFT) methods, such as outcome-based Group Relative Policy…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Yunxin Li , Xinyu Chen , Zitao Li , Zhenyu Liu , Longyue Wang , Wenhan Luo , Baotian Hu , Min Zhang

Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards (RLVR) has emerged as an effective paradigm for improving the reasoning capabilities of large language models. However, RLVR training is often hindered by sparse binary rewards and weak credit…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Mengjie Ren , Jie Lou , Boxi Cao , Xueru Wen , Hongyu Lin , Xianpei Han , Le Sun , Xing Yu , Yaojie Lu

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive reasoning capabilities in complex problem-solving tasks, sparking growing interest in their application to preference reasoning in recommendation systems. Existing methods typically…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-27 Yang Zhang , Wenxin Xu , Xiaoyan Zhao , Wenjie Wang , Fuli Feng , Xiangnan He , Tat-Seng Chua

Large Language Models (LLMs) have revolutionized artificial intelligence with capabilities in reasoning, coding, and communication, driving innovation across industries. Their true potential depends on effective alignment to ensure correct,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-25 Bowen Jin , Jinsung Yoon , Zhen Qin , Ziqi Wang , Wei Xiong , Yu Meng , Jiawei Han , Sercan O. Arik