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Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection discerns OOD data where the predictor cannot make valid predictions as in-distribution (ID) data, thereby increasing the reliability of open-world classification. However, it is typically hard to collect…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-06 Haotian Zheng , Qizhou Wang , Zhen Fang , Xiaobo Xia , Feng Liu , Tongliang Liu , Bo Han

Prior research on out-of-distribution detection (OoDD) has primarily focused on single-modality models. Recently, with the advent of large-scale pretrained vision-language models such as CLIP, OoDD methods utilizing such multi-modal…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Jeonghyeon Kim , Sangheum Hwang

Using unlabeled wild data containing both in-distribution (ID) and out-of-distribution (OOD) data to improve the safety and reliability of models has recently received increasing attention. Existing methods either design customized losses…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Chuanxing Geng , Qifei Li , Xinrui Wang , Dong Liang , Songcan Chen , Pong C. Yuen

Reliable detection of out-of-distribution (OOD) inputs is increasingly understood to be a precondition for deployment of machine learning systems. This paper proposes and investigates the use of contrastive training to boost OOD detection…

Out-of-Distribution (OOD) detection is an important problem in natural language processing (NLP). In this work, we propose a simple yet effective framework $k$Folden, which mimics the behaviors of OOD detection during training without the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-11-09 Xiaoya Li , Jiwei Li , Xiaofei Sun , Chun Fan , Tianwei Zhang , Fei Wu , Yuxian Meng , Jun Zhang

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection aims to detect testing samples far away from the in-distribution (ID) training data, which is crucial for the safe deployment of machine learning models in the real world. Distance-based OOD detection…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-06 Haodong Lu , Dong Gong , Shuo Wang , Jason Xue , Lina Yao , Kristen Moore

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection is a critical task for reliable predictions over text. Fine-tuning with pre-trained language models has been a de facto procedure to derive OOD detectors with respect to in-distribution (ID) data. Despite…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-23 Rheeya Uppaal , Junjie Hu , Yixuan Li

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection is committed to delineating the classification boundaries between in-distribution (ID) and OOD images. Recent advances in vision-language models (VLMs) have demonstrated remarkable OOD detection…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-17 Zhixia He , Chen Zhao , Minglai Shao , Xintao Wu , Xujiang Zhao , Dong Li , Qin Tian , Linlin Yu

Semi-supervised learning (SSL) has been proposed to leverage unlabeled data for training powerful models when only limited labeled data is available. While existing SSL methods assume that samples in the labeled and unlabeled data share the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-07-23 Qing Yu , Daiki Ikami , Go Irie , Kiyoharu Aizawa

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection aims to detect "unknown" data whose labels have not been seen during the in-distribution (ID) training process. Recent progress in representation learning gives rise to distance-based OOD detection that…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-22 Ji Zhang , Lianli Gao , Bingguang Hao , Hao Huang , Jingkuan Song , Hengtao Shen

Recently, test-time adaptation has garnered attention as a method for tuning models without labeled data. The conventional modus operandi for adapting pre-trained vision-language models (VLMs) during test-time primarily focuses on tuning…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-11 Raza Imam , Asif Hanif , Jian Zhang , Khaled Waleed Dawoud , Yova Kementchedjhieva , Mohammad Yaqub

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection, which maps high-dimensional data into a scalar OOD score, is critical for the reliable deployment of machine learning models. A key challenge in recent research is how to effectively leverage and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-06 Claus Hofmann , Christian Huber , Bernhard Lehner , Daniel Klotz , Sepp Hochreiter , Werner Zellinger

Given a text description, Temporal Language Grounding (TLG) aims to localize temporal boundaries of the segments that contain the specified semantics in an untrimmed video. TLG is inherently a challenging task, as it requires comprehensive…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-12-07 Fan Luo , Shaoxiang Chen , Jingjing Chen , Zuxuan Wu , Yu-Gang Jiang

Successful detection of Out-of-Distribution (OoD) data is becoming increasingly important to ensure safe deployment of neural networks. One of the main challenges in OoD detection is that neural networks output overconfident predictions on…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-26 Sangha Park , Jisoo Mok , Dahuin Jung , Saehyung Lee , Sungroh Yoon

A straightforward pipeline for zero-shot out-of-distribution (OOD) detection involves selecting potential OOD labels from an extensive semantic pool and then leveraging a pre-trained vision-language model to perform classification on both…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-14 Mengyuan Chen , Junyu Gao , Changsheng Xu

Semi-supervised learning (semi-SL) is a promising alternative to supervised learning for medical image analysis when obtaining good quality supervision for medical imaging is difficult. However, semi-SL assumes that the underlying…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-03-20 Nikhil Cherian Kurian , Varsha S , Abhijit Patil , Shashikant Khade , Amit Sethi

Machine Learning (ML) has been widely used in Natural Language Processing (NLP) applications. A fundamental assumption in ML is that training data and real-world data should follow a similar distribution. However, a deployed ML model may…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-03-06 Da Song , Zhijie Wang , Yuheng Huang , Lei Ma , Tianyi Zhang

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection plays a vital role in enhancing the reliability of machine learning (ML) models. The emergence of large language models (LLMs) has catalyzed a paradigm shift within the ML community, showcasing their…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-17 Bo Liu , Liming Zhan , Zexin Lu , Yujie Feng , Lei Xue , Xiao-Ming Wu

The rapid advancement of large language models (LLMs) such as ChatGPT, DeepSeek, and Claude has significantly increased the presence of AI-generated text in digital communication. This trend has heightened the need for reliable detection…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Cong Zeng , Shengkun Tang , Yuanzhou Chen , Zhiqiang Shen , Wenchao Yu , Xujiang Zhao , Haifeng Chen , Wei Cheng , Zhiqiang Xu

As object detectors are increasingly deployed as black-box cloud services or pre-trained models with restricted access to the original training data, the challenge of zero-shot object-level out-of-distribution (OOD) detection arises. This…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-31 Bin Zhang , Xiaoyang Qu , Guokuan Li , Jiguang Wan , Jianzong Wang
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