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Despite the remarkable strides made by autoregressive language models, their potential is often hampered by the slow inference speeds inherent in sequential token generation. Blockwise parallel decoding (BPD) was proposed by Stern et al. as…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-06 Taehyeon Kim , Ananda Theertha Suresh , Kishore Papineni , Michael Riley , Sanjiv Kumar , Adrian Benton

Diffusion language models (DLMs) generate text through iterative denoising, but inference requires full-sequence attention at every iteration, resulting in substantial redundant computation on masked tokens. Block-wise diffusion can reduce…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Fengrui Zuo , Zhiwei Ke , Yiming Liu , Wenqi Lou , Chao Wang , Xuehai Zhou

In this work, we provide a systematic survey of Discrete Diffusion Language Models (dLLMs) and Discrete Diffusion Multimodal Language Models (dMLLMs). Unlike autoregressive (AR) models, dLLMs and dMLLMs adopt a multi-token, parallel…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-22 Runpeng Yu , Qi Li , Xinchao Wang

Block-diffusion language models offer a promising path toward faster-than-autoregressive generation by combining block-wise autoregressive decoding with within-block parallel denoising. However, in the few-step regime needed for practical…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-27 Ligong Han , Hao Wang , Han Gao , Kai Xu , Akash Srivastava

Diffusion Language Models (DLMs) have recently achieved significant success due to their any-order generation capabilities. However, existing inference methods typically rely on local, immediate-step metrics such as confidence or entropy…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-03 Kecheng Chen , Ziru Liu , Xijia Tao , Hui Liu , Xinyu Fu , Suiyun Zhang , Dandan Tu , Lingpeng Kong , Rui Liu , Haoliang Li

Diffusion-based large language models (dLLMs) have emerged as a promising alternative to autoregressive (AR) LLMs, leveraging denoising-based generation to enable inherent parallelism. Even more and more open-sourced dLLM models emerge, yet…

Large Language Diffusion Models (LLDMs) benefit from a flexible decoding mechanism that enables parallelized inference and controllable generations over autoregressive models. Yet such flexibility introduces a critical challenge: inference…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-05 Yichuan Mo , Quan Chen , Mingjie Li , Zeming Wei , Yisen Wang

Large language models (LLMs) have recently shown remarkable performance across a wide range of tasks. However, the substantial number of parameters in LLMs contributes to significant latency during model inference. This is particularly…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-19 Pengfei Wu , Jiahao Liu , Zhuocheng Gong , Qifan Wang , Jinpeng Li , Jingang Wang , Xunliang Cai , Dongyan Zhao

Speculative decoding has emerged as a promising technique for large language model (LLM) inference by accelerating autoregressive decoding via draft-then-verify. This paper studies a new edge scenario with multi-user inference, where draft…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Yaodan Xu , Sheng Zhou , Zhisheng Niu

Diffusion language models enable parallel token generation through block-wise decoding, but their irreversible commitments can lead to stagnation, where the reverse diffusion process fails to make further progress under a suboptimal…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Xinyun Wang , Min Zhang , Sen Cui , Zhikang Chen , Bo Jiang , Kun Kuang , Mingbao Lin

Diffusion-based Large Language Models (dLLMs) have emerged as a competitive alternative to autoregressive models, offering unique advantages through bidirectional attention and parallel generation paradigms. However, the generation results…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Yifeng Gao , Ziang Ji , Yuxuan Wang , Biqing Qi , Hanlin Xu , Linfeng Zhang

Autoregressive Models (ARMs) have long dominated the landscape of Large Language Models. Recently, a new paradigm has emerged in the form of diffusion-based Large Language Models (dLLMs), which generate text by iteratively denoising masked…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Zhiyuan Liu , Yicun Yang , Yaojie Zhang , Junjie Chen , Chang Zou , Qingyuan Wei , Shaobo Wang , Linfeng Zhang

Diffusion Probabilistic Models (DPMs) have achieved great success in image generation but suffer from high inference latency due to their iterative denoising nature. Motivated by the evolving feature dynamics across the denoising…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-23 Haodong He , Yuan Gao , Weizhong Zhang , Gui-Song Xia

Diffusion Large Language Models (dLLMs) enable breakthroughs in reasoning and parallel decoding but suffer from prohibitive quadratic computational complexity and memory overhead during inference. Current caching techniques accelerate…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-06 Yuerong Song , Xiaoran Liu , Ruixiao Li , Zhigeng Liu , Zengfeng Huang , Qipeng Guo , Ziwei He , Xipeng Qiu

Recently, Diffusion Large Language Models (DLLMs) have offered high throughput and effective sequential reasoning, making them a competitive alternative to autoregressive LLMs (ALLMs). However, parallel decoding, which enables simultaneous…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Qiguang Chen , Hanjing Li , Libo Qin , Dengyun Peng , Jinhao Liu , Jiangyi Wang , Chengyue Wu , Xie Chen , Yantao Du , Wanxiang Che

Autoregressive models (ARMs) are hindered by slow sequential inference. While masked diffusion models (MDMs) offer a parallel alternative, they suffer from critical drawbacks: high computational overhead from precluding Key-Value (KV)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-06 Jia-Nan Li , Jian Guan , Wei Wu , Chongxuan Li

Diffusion language models (DLMs) have emerged as a promising alternative to autoregressive (AR) models, offering sub-linear generation latency and bidirectional capabilities that are particularly appealing for code generation and editing.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Michael Hersche , Nicolas Menet , Ronan Tanios , Abbas Rahimi

Distributed inference serves as a promising approach to enabling the inference of large language models (LLMs) at the network edge. It distributes the inference process to multiple devices to ensure that the LLMs can fit into the device…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Xing Liu , Lizhuo Luo , Ming Tang , Chao Huang , Xu Chen

Diffusion large language models (dLLMs) have emerged as a promising alternative for text generation, distinguished by their native support for parallel decoding. In practice, block inference is crucial for avoiding order misalignment in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Lizhuo Luo , Shenggui Li , Yonggang Wen , Tianwei Zhang

Diffusion language models promise parallel generation, yet still lag behind autoregressive (AR) models in quality. We stem this gap to a failure of introspective consistency: AR models agree with their own generations, while DLMs often do…