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Preference optimization methods have been successfully applied to improve not only the alignment of large language models (LLMs) with human values, but also specific natural language tasks such as summarization and stylistic continuations.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-06 Salem Lahlou , Abdalgader Abubaker , Hakim Hacid

Large Language Models (LLMs) are often evaluated against ideals of perfect Bayesian inference, yet growing evidence suggests that their in-context reasoning exhibits systematic forgetting of past information. Rather than viewing this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Alexandros Christoforos

We introduce a new incremental preference elicitation procedure able to deal with noisy responses of a Decision Maker (DM). The originality of the contribution is to propose a Bayesian approach for determining a preferred solution in a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-07-30 Nadjet Bourdache , Patrice Perny , Olivier Spanjaard

Large Language Models (LLMs) still struggle with complex logical reasoning. While previous works achieve remarkable improvements, their performance is highly dependent on the correctness of translating natural language (NL) problems into a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Xiangyu Wang , Haocheng Yang , Fengxiang Cheng , Fenrong Liu

Stated preference (SP) surveys are a key method to research how individuals make trade-offs in hypothetical, also futuristic, scenarios. In energy context this includes key decarbonisation enablement contexts, such as low-carbon…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-25 Han Wang , Jacek Pawlak , Aruna Sivakumar

The rapid advancement in large language models (LLMs) has brought forth a diverse range of models with varying capabilities that excel in different tasks and domains. However, selecting the optimal LLM for user queries often involves a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-06 Yang Li

Aligning large language models (LLMs) with human preferences is a critical challenge in AI research. While methods like Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF) and Direct Preference Optimization (DPO) are widely used, they often…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Xuan Qi , Rongwu Xu , Zhijing Jin

Large Language Models (LLMs) are becoming increasingly persuasive, demonstrating the ability to personalize arguments in conversation with humans by leveraging their personal data. This may have serious impacts on the scale and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-30 Jasper Timm , Chetan Talele , Jacob Haimes

Large Language Models (LLMs) demonstrate strong few-shot generalization through in-context learning, yet their reasoning in dynamic and stochastic environments remains opaque. Prior studies mainly focus on static tasks and overlook the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Jensen Zhang , Jing Yang , Keze Wang

We propose a general-purpose approach for improving the ability of large language models (LLMs) to intelligently and adaptively gather information from a user or other external source using the framework of sequential Bayesian experimental…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Deepro Choudhury , Sinead Williamson , Adam Goliński , Ning Miao , Freddie Bickford Smith , Michael Kirchhof , Yizhe Zhang , Tom Rainforth

Preference learning in Large Language Models (LLMs) has advanced significantly, yet existing methods remain limited by modest performance gains, high computational costs, hyperparameter sensitivity, and insufficient modeling of global…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-03 Liang Zhu , Yuelin Bai , Xiankun Ren , Jiaxi Yang , Lei Zhang , Feiteng Fang , Hamid Alinejad-Rokny , Minghuan Tan , Min Yang

Entity matching (EM) is a critical step in entity resolution (ER). Recently, entity matching based on large language models (LLMs) has shown great promise. However, current LLM-based entity matching approaches typically follow a binary…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-13 Tianshu Wang , Xiaoyang Chen , Hongyu Lin , Xuanang Chen , Xianpei Han , Hao Wang , Zhenyu Zeng , Le Sun

In the current media landscape, understanding the framing of information is crucial for critical consumption and informed decision making. Framing analysis is a valuable tool for identifying the underlying perspectives used to present…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-09-20 David Alonso del Barrio , Max Tiel , Daniel Gatica-Perez

Markets increasingly accommodate large language models (LLMs) as autonomous decision-making agents. As this transition occurs, it becomes critical to evaluate how these agents behave relative to their human and task-specific statistical…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Crystal Qian , Kehang Zhu , John Horton , Benjamin S. Manning , Vivian Tsai , James Wexler , Nithum Thain

Alignment of Large Language Models (LLMs) remains an unsolved problem. Human preferences are highly distributed and can be captured at multiple levels of abstraction, from the individual to diverse populations. Organisational preferences,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-02 Gareth Seneque , Lap-Hang Ho , Ariel Kuperman , Nafise Erfanian Saeedi , Jeffrey Molendijk

While astonishingly capable, large Language Models (LLM) can sometimes produce outputs that deviate from human expectations. Such deviations necessitate an alignment phase to prevent disseminating untruthful, toxic, or biased information.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-30 Long Tan Le , Han Shu , Tung-Anh Nguyen , Choong Seon Hong , Nguyen H. Tran

With the evolution of large language models (LLMs), their robustness against individual simple biases has been enhanced. However, we observe that the ensemble of multiple simple biases still exerts a significant adverse impact on LLMs.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Zhouhao Sun , Zhiyuan Kan , Xiao Ding , Li Du , Bibo Cai , Yang Zhao , Bing Qin , Ting Liu

Bilateral negotiation is a complex, context-sensitive task in which human negotiators dynamically adjust anchors, pacing, and flexibility to exploit power asymmetries and informal cues. We introduce a unified mathematical framework for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Cheril Shah , Akshit Agarwal , Kanak Garg , Mourad Heddaya

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) excel in generating responses based on visual inputs. However, they often suffer from a bias towards generating responses similar to their pretraining corpus, overshadowing the importance of visual…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-04 Renjie Pi , Tianyang Han , Wei Xiong , Jipeng Zhang , Runtao Liu , Rui Pan , Tong Zhang

State of the art large language models (LLMs) have shown impressive performance on a variety of benchmark tasks and are increasingly used as components in larger applications, where LLM-based predictions serve as proxies for human…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-14 Michael Franke , Polina Tsvilodub , Fausto Carcassi