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Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have shown immense promise in universal multimodal retrieval, which aims to find relevant items of various modalities for a given query. But their practical application is often hindered by the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-06 Qi Li , Yanzhe Zhao , Yongxin Zhou , Yameng Wang , Yandong Yang , Yuanjia Zhou , Jue Wang , Zuojian Wang , Jinxiang Liu

Generative retrieval (GR) reformulates information retrieval (IR) by framing it as the generation of document identifiers (docids), thereby enabling end-to-end optimization and seamless integration with generative language models (LMs).…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Weiwei Sun , Keyi Kong , Xinyu Ma , Shuaiqiang Wang , Dawei Yin , Maarten de Rijke , Zhaochun Ren , Yiming Yang

Information Retrieval (IR) methods aim to identify documents relevant to a query, which have been widely applied in various natural language tasks. However, existing approaches typically consider only the textual content within documents,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-26 Jaewoo Lee , Joonho Ko , Jinheon Baek , Soyeong Jeong , Sung Ju Hwang

The recent advancements in generative language models have demonstrated their ability to memorize knowledge from documents and recall knowledge to respond to user queries effectively. Building upon this capability, we propose to enable…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2024-02-19 Yongqi Li , Wenjie Wang , Leigang Qu , Liqiang Nie , Wenjie Li , Tat-Seng Chua

Zero-Shot Composed Image Retrieval (ZS-CIR) aims to retrieve target images by integrating information from a composed query (reference image and modification text) without training samples. Existing methods primarily combine caption models…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-03 Zelong Sun , Dong Jing , Zhiwu Lu

Multimodal retrieval systems struggle to resolve image-text queries against text-only corpora: the best vision-language encoder achieves only 27.6 nDCG@10 on MM-BRIGHT, underperforming strong text-only retrievers. We argue the bottleneck is…

Composed Image Retrieval (CIR) presents a significant challenge as it requires jointly understanding a reference image and a modified textual instruction to find relevant target images. Some existing methods attempt to use a two-stage…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-15 Jun Li , Hongjian Dou , Zhenyu Zhang , Kai Li , Shaoguo Liu , Tingting Gao

Multimodal retrieval systems typically employ Vision Language Models (VLMs) that encode images and text independently into vectors within a shared embedding space. Despite incorporating text encoders, VLMs consistently underperform…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-01-22 Xinyuan Zhang , Lina Zhang , Lisung Chen , Guangyao Liu , Shuai Nie , Jiaming Xu , Runyu Shi , Ying Huang , Guoquan Zhang

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) that think with images can interactively use tools to reason about visual inputs, but current approaches often rely on a narrow set of tools with limited real-world necessity and scalability. In this…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-04 Zirun Guo , Minjie Hong , Feng Zhang , Kai Jia , Tao Jin

This paper introduces a novel code-to-code search technique that enhances the performance of Large Language Models (LLMs) by including both static and dynamic features as well as utilizing both similar and dissimilar examples during…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-04-17 Anthony Saieva , Saikat Chakraborty , Gail Kaiser

Text-to-image retrieval (TIR) aims to find relevant images based on a textual query, but existing approaches are primarily based on whole-image captions and lack interpretability. Meanwhile, referring expression segmentation (RES) enables…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Li-Cheng Shen , Jih-Kang Hsieh , Wei-Hua Li , Chu-Song Chen

In recent years, multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have shown remarkable capabilities in tasks like visual question answering and common sense reasoning, while visual perception models have made significant strides in perception…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-25 Guanqun Wang , Xinyu Wei , Jiaming Liu , Ray Zhang , Yichi Zhang , Kevin Zhang , Maurice Chong , Shanghang Zhang

Large language models demonstrate strong capabilities in code generation but struggle to navigate complex, multi-language repositories to locate relevant code. Effective code localization requires understanding both organizational context…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Indira Vats , Sanjukta De , Subhayan Roy , Saurabh Bodhe , Lejin Varghese , Max Kiehn , Yonas Bedasso , Marsha Chechik

With the rapid advancement of Multi-modal Large Language Models (MLLMs), their capability in understanding both images and text has greatly improved. However, their potential for leveraging multi-modal contextual information in…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-08 Zhenghao Liu , Xingsheng Zhu , Tianshuo Zhou , Xinyi Zhang , Xiaoyuan Yi , Yukun Yan , Ge Yu , Maosong Sun

Fully comprehending scientific papers by machines reflects a high level of Artificial General Intelligence, requiring the ability to reason across fragmented and heterogeneous sources of information, presenting a complex and practically…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-30 Yang Tian , Zheng Lu , Mingqi Gao , Zheng Liu , Bo Zhao

While pre-trained language models (LM) for code have achieved great success in code completion, they generate code conditioned only on the contents within the file, i.e., in-file context, but ignore the rich semantics in other files within…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-25 Yangruibo Ding , Zijian Wang , Wasi Uddin Ahmad , Murali Krishna Ramanathan , Ramesh Nallapati , Parminder Bhatia , Dan Roth , Bing Xiang

Despite the continuous efforts in improving both the effectiveness and efficiency of code search, two issues remained unsolved. First, programming languages have inherent strong structural linkages, and feature mining of code as text form…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-08-09 Yi Hu , Bo Cai , Yaoxiang Yu

Code-switching is a pervasive linguistic phenomenon in global communication, yet modern information retrieval systems remain predominantly designed for, and evaluated within, monolingual contexts. To bridge this critical disconnect, we…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Qingcheng Zeng , Yuheng Lu , Zeqi Zhou , Heli Qi , Puxuan Yu , Fuheng Zhao , Hitomi Yanaka , Weihao Xuan , Naoto Yokoya

This paper introduces Code-Vision, a benchmark designed to evaluate the logical understanding and code generation capabilities of Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs). It challenges MLLMs to generate a correct program that fulfills…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Hanbin Wang , Xiaoxuan Zhou , Zhipeng Xu , Keyuan Cheng , Yuxin Zuo , Kai Tian , Jingwei Song , Junting Lu , Wenhui Hu , Xueyang Liu

We consider and propose a new problem of retrieving audio files relevant to multimodal design document inputs comprising both textual elements and visual imagery, e.g., birthday/greeting cards. In addition to enhancing user experience,…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2023-03-01 Prachi Singh , Srikrishna Karanam , Sumit Shekhar