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Recent advancements in large language models (LLMs) necessitate extensive computational resources, prompting the use of diverse hardware accelerators from multiple vendors. However, traditional distributed training frameworks struggle to…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-05-26 Ding Tang , Jiecheng Zhou , Jiakai Hu , Shengwei Li , Huihuang Zheng , Zhilin Pei , Hui Wang , Xingcheng Zhang

Supervised Fine-Tuning (SFT) accelerates taskspecific large language models (LLMs) development, but the resulting proliferation of finetuned models incurs substantial memory overhead. Delta compression addresses this by retaining a single…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Junlin Li , Shuangyong Song , Guodong Du , Ngai Wong , Xuebo Liu , Yongxiang Li , Min Zhang , Jing Li , Xuelong Li

Large Language Models (LLMs) have recently achieved strong performance in software code generation. However, applying them to hardware description languages (HDLs), such as Verilog, remains challenging because high-quality training data are…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Yan Tan , Tong Liu , Xiangchen Meng , Yangdi Lyu

Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in code generation tasks. However, when applied to hardware description languages (HDL), these models exhibit significant limitations due to data…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-24 Heng Ping , Shixuan Li , Peiyu Zhang , Anzhe Cheng , Shukai Duan , Nikos Kanakaris , Xiongye Xiao , Wei Yang , Shahin Nazarian , Andrei Irimia , Paul Bogdan

Large language models (LLMs) excel in program synthesis, yet their capacity for neural architecture design -- balancing syntactic reliability, performance, and structural novelty -- remains underexplored. We present a closed-loop…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Waleed Khalid , Dmitry Ignatov , Radu Timofte

Large Language Model (LLM) based agents have demonstrated proficiency in multi-step interactions with graphical user interfaces (GUIs). While most research focuses on improving single-task performance, practical scenarios often involve…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Minghao Chen , Xinyi Hu , Zhou Yu , Yufei Yin

Model alignment with human preferences is an essential step in making Large Language Models (LLMs) helpful and consistent with human values. It typically consists of supervised fine-tuning (SFT) and reinforcement learning from human…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-10 Yi Dong , Zhilin Wang , Makesh Narsimhan Sreedhar , Xianchao Wu , Oleksii Kuchaiev

With the rapid adoption of Large Language Models (LLMs), LLM-adapters have become increasingly common, providing lightweight specialization of large-scale models. Serving hundreds or thousands of these adapters on a single GPU allows…

Standard cells are essential components of modern digital circuit designs. With process technologies advancing toward 2nm, more routability issues have arisen due to the decreasing number of routing tracks, increasing number and complexity…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-06-12 Chia-Tung Ho , Haoxing Ren

Large language models (LLMs) are commonly adapted for diverse downstream tasks via parameter-efficient fine-tuning techniques such as Low-Rank Adapters (LoRA). While adapters can be combined to handle multiple tasks separately, standard…

Recently, large language models (LLMs) have achieved huge success in the natural language processing (NLP) field, driving a growing demand to extend their deployment from the cloud to edge devices. However, deploying LLMs on…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-05-08 Yanbiao Liang , Huihong Shi , Haikuo Shao , Zhongfeng Wang

The increasing complexity and scale of Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) necessitate specialized tensor accelerators, such as Tensor Processing Units (TPUs), to meet various computational and energy efficiency requirements. Nevertheless,…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Deepak Vungarala , Mohammed E. Elbtity , Sumiya Syed , Sakila Alam , Kartik Pandit , Arnob Ghosh , Ramtin Zand , Shaahin Angizi

Field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) provide an opportunity to co-design applications with hardware accelerators, yet they remain difficult to program. High-level synthesis (HLS) tools promise to raise the level of abstraction by…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2021-11-17 Rachit Nigam , Sachille Atapattu , Samuel Thomas , Zhijing Li , Theodore Bauer , Yuwei Ye , Apurva Koti , Adrian Sampson , Zhiru Zhang

We present a framework in which a large language model (LLM) acts as an online adaptive controller for SIMP topology optimization, replacing conventional fixed-schedule continuation with real-time, state-conditioned parameter decisions. At…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Shaoliang Yang , Jun Wang , Yunsheng Wang

Large Language Model (LLM) based coding tools have been tremendously successful as software development assistants, yet they are often designed for general purpose programming tasks and perform poorly for more specialized domains such as…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-12-20 Aman Chaturvedi , Daniel Nichols , Siddharth Singh , Abhinav Bhatele

In the realm of Large Language Models (LLMs), users commonly employ diverse decoding strategies and adjust hyperparameters to control the generated text. However, a critical question emerges: Are LLMs conscious of the existence of these…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-20 Siyin Wang , Shimin Li , Tianxiang Sun , Jinlan Fu , Qinyuan Cheng , Jiasheng Ye , Junjie Ye , Xipeng Qiu , Xuanjing Huang

Federated fine-tuning of pre-trained Large Language Models (LLMs) enables task-specific adaptation across diverse datasets while preserving privacy. However, challenges such as high computational and memory demands, heterogeneous client…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-19 Yang Su , Na Yan , Yansha Deng , Mischa Dohler , Robert Schober

Large language models (LLMs) have shown promise in generating RTL code from natural-language descriptions, but existing methods remain static and struggle to adapt to evolving design requirements, potentially causing structural drift and…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-03-30 Luanrong Chen , Renzhi Chen , Xinyu Li , Shanshan Li , Rui Gong , Lei Wang

Recently, the number of off-the-shelf Large Language Models (LLMs) has exploded with many open-source options. This creates a diverse landscape regarding both serving options (e.g., inference on local hardware vs remote LLM APIs) and model…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-18 Dimitrios Sikeridis , Dennis Ramdass , Pranay Pareek

Heuristic design with large language models (LLMs) has emerged as a promising approach for tackling combinatorial optimization problems (COPs). However, existing approaches often rely on manually predefined evolutionary computation (EC)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-25 Yiding Shi , Jianan Zhou , Wen Song , Jieyi Bi , Yaoxin Wu , Zhiguang Cao , Jie Zhang