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Related papers: ProtoTTA: Prototype-Guided Test-Time Adaptation

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Performance of convolutional neural networks (CNNs) in image analysis tasks is often marred in the presence of acquisition-related distribution shifts between training and test images. Recently, it has been proposed to tackle this problem…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-02-14 Neerav Karani , Georg Brunner , Ertunc Erdil , Simin Fei , Kerem Tezcan , Krishna Chaitanya , Ender Konukoglu

Vision-language models (VLMs) encounter considerable challenges when adapting to domain shifts stemming from changes in data distribution. Test-time adaptation (TTA) has emerged as a promising approach to enhance VLM performance under such…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-18 Chenyu Zhang , Kunlun Xu , Zichen Liu , Yuxin Peng , Jiahuan Zhou

Prompt learning is a new learning paradigm which reformulates downstream tasks as similar pretraining tasks on pretrained models by leveraging textual prompts. Recent works have demonstrated that prompt learning is particularly useful for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-21 Yue Zhang , Hongliang Fei , Dingcheng Li , Tan Yu , Ping Li

Deploying foundational medical Segment Anything Models (SAMs) via test-time adaptation (TTA) is challenging under large distribution shifts, where test-time supervision is often unreliable. While active test-time adaptation (ATTA)…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Jiayi Chen , Yasmeen George , Winston Chong , Jianfei Cai

Prompt learning is an effective method to customize Vision-Language Models (VLMs) for various downstream tasks, involving tuning very few parameters of input prompt tokens. Recently, prompt pretraining in large-scale dataset (e.g.,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-11 Zhenyuan Chen , Lingfeng Yang , Shuo Chen , Zhaowei Chen , Jiajun Liang , Xiang Li

Deep learning has made significant progress in the past decade, and demonstrates potential to solve problems with extensive social impact. In high-stakes decision making areas such as law, experts often require interpretability for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-29 Chu Fei Luo , Rohan Bhambhoria , Samuel Dahan , Xiaodan Zhu

With the rise of Deep Neural Networks, machine learning systems are nowadays ubiquitous in a number of real-world applications, which bears the need for highly reliable models. This requires a thorough look not only at the accuracy of such…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-19 Pedro Conde , Tiago Barros , Rui L. Lopes , Cristiano Premebida , Urbano J. Nunes

Continual test-time adaptation (CTTA) has recently emerged to adapt a pre-trained source model to continuously evolving target distributions, which accommodates the dynamic nature of real-world environments. To mitigate the risk of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-13 Chaoran Cui , Yongrui Zhen , Shuai Gong , Chunyun Zhang , Hui Liu , Yilong Yin

Test-time adaptation (TTA) refers to adapting a classifier for the test data when the probability distribution of the test data slightly differs from that of the training data of the model. To the best of our knowledge, most of the existing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-19 Sravan Danda , Aditya Challa , Shlok Mehendale , Snehanshu Saha

Graph-based learning excels at capturing interaction patterns in diverse domains like recommendation, fraud detection, and particle physics. However, its performance often degrades under distribution shifts, especially those altering…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Hans Hao-Hsun Hsu , Shikun Liu , Han Zhao , Pan Li

Ensemble methods improve predictive performance but often incur high memory and computational costs. We identify an aggregation instability induced by nonlinear projection and voting operations. To address both efficiency challenges and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Zheng Li , Jerry Cheng , Huanying Helen Gu

Despite progress in end-to-end ASR, real-world domain mismatches still cause performance drops, which Test-Time Adaptation (TTA) aims to mitigate by adjusting models during inference. Recent work explores combining TTA with external…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-16 Wei-Ping Huang , Guan-Ting Lin , Hung-yi Lee

Adaptation of pretrained vision-language models such as CLIP to various downstream tasks have raised great interest in recent researches. Previous works have proposed a variety of test-time adaptation (TTA) methods to achieve strong…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-25 Taolin Zhang , Jinpeng Wang , Hang Guo , Tao Dai , Bin Chen , Shu-Tao Xia

Test-time adaptation (TTA) aims to improve model robustness under distribution shifts by adapting to unlabeled test data, but most existing methods rely on backpropagation (BP), which is computationally costly and incompatible with…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Ronghao Zhang , Shuaicheng Niu , Qi Deng , Yanjie Dong , Jian Chen , Runhao Zeng

In deep learning, maintaining model robustness against distribution shifts is critical. This work explores a broad range of possibilities to adapt vision-language foundation models at test-time, with a particular emphasis on CLIP and its…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-10 Mario Döbler , Robert A. Marsden , Tobias Raichle , Bin Yang

Hyperspectral image (HSI) classification models are highly sensitive to distribution shifts caused by real-world degradations such as noise, blur, compression, and atmospheric effects. To address this challenge, we propose HyperTTA…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Xia Yue , Anfeng Liu , Ning Chen , Chenjia Huang , Hui Liu , Zhou Huang , Leyuan Fang

Source-free test-time adaptation (TTA) is appealing for mobile and wearable sensing because it enables on-device personalization from unlabeled test streams without centralizing private data. However, sensor-based human activity recognition…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-29 Changyu Li , Lu Wang , Ming Lei , Jiashen Liu , Yichen Zhang , Kaishun Wu , Fei Luo

Continual Test-Time Adaptation (CTTA) seeks to update a pretrained model during deployment using only the incoming, unlabeled data stream. Although prior approaches such as Tent, EATA etc. provide meaningful improvements under short…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Himanshu Mishra

Test-time adaptation (TTA) aims to adapt a pre-trained model to a new test domain without access to source data after deployment. Existing approaches typically rely on self-training with pseudo-labels since ground-truth cannot be obtained…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-08 Yeonguk Yu , Sungho Shin , Seunghyeok Back , Minhwan Ko , Sangjun Noh , Kyoobin Lee

Test-time adaptation aims to adapt pre-trained deep neural networks using solely online unlabelled test data during inference. Although TTA has shown promise in visual applications, its potential in time series contexts remains largely…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-06 Peiliang Gong , Mohamed Ragab , Min Wu , Zhenghua Chen , Yongyi Su , Xiaoli Li , Daoqiang Zhang
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