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Numerical simulations of physical systems exhibit discrepancies arising from unmodeled physics and idealizations, as well as numerical approximation errors stemming from discretization and solver tolerances. This article reviews techniques…

Computational Physics · Physics 2026-01-23 Danny Smyl

Fairness research in machine learning often centers on ensuring equitable performance of individual models. However, real-world recommendation systems are built on multiple models and even multiple stages, from candidate retrieval to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-01-03 Brian Hsu , Cyrus DiCiccio , Natesh Sivasubramoniapillai , Hongseok Namkoong

With the increasing deployment of machine learning models in many socially sensitive tasks, there is a growing demand for reliable and trustworthy predictions. One way to accomplish these requirements is to allow a model to abstain from…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-19 Andrea Pugnana , Lorenzo Perini , Jesse Davis , Salvatore Ruggieri

Gradient-based optimization methods are commonly used to identify local optima in high-dimensional spaces. When derivatives cannot be evaluated directly, stochastic estimators can provide approximate gradients. However, these estimators'…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Philipp Andelfinger , Wentong Cai

We introduce an adaptive tree search algorithm, that can find high-scoring outputs under translation models that make no assumptions about the form or structure of the search objective. This algorithm -- a deterministic variant of Monte…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-02-24 Wang Ling , Wojciech Stokowiec , Domenic Donato , Laurent Sartran , Lei Yu , Austin Matthews , Chris Dyer

We consider the problem of automatically constructing computer programs from input-output examples. We investigate how to augment probabilistic and neural program synthesis methods with new search algorithms, proposing a framework called…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-07 Nathanaël Fijalkow , Guillaume Lagarde , Théo Matricon , Kevin Ellis , Pierre Ohlmann , Akarsh Potta

Simulating physical systems is a core component of scientific computing, encompassing a wide range of physical domains and applications. Recently, there has been a surge in data-driven methods to complement traditional numerical simulations…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-08-19 Karl Otness , Arvi Gjoka , Joan Bruna , Daniele Panozzo , Benjamin Peherstorfer , Teseo Schneider , Denis Zorin

We investigate modifications to Bayesian Optimization for a resource-constrained setting of sequential experimental design where changes to certain design variables of the search space incur a switching cost. This models the scenario where…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-16 Stefan Pricopie , Richard Allmendinger , Manuel Lopez-Ibanez , Clyde Fare , Matt Benatan , Joshua Knowles

Iterative differential approximation methods that rely upon backpropagation have enabled the optimization of neural networks; however, at present, they remain computationally expensive, especially when training models at scale. In this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-14 Jake Ryland Williams , Haoran Zhao

Mathematical optimization is a fundamental tool for decision-making in a wide range of applications. However, in many real-world scenarios, the parameters of the optimization problem are not known a priori and must be predicted from…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-13 Senne Berden , Ali İrfan Mahmutoğulları , Dimos Tsouros , Tias Guns

We introduce a gradient-based approach for the problem of Bayesian optimal experimental design to learn causal models in a batch setting -- a critical component for causal discovery from finite data where interventions can be costly or…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-05 Yashas Annadani , Panagiotis Tigas , Desi R. Ivanova , Andrew Jesson , Yarin Gal , Adam Foster , Stefan Bauer

Simulators often provide the best description of real-world phenomena. However, they also lead to challenging inverse problems because the density they implicitly define is often intractable. We present a new suite of simulation-based…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-02-25 Johann Brehmer , Gilles Louppe , Juan Pavez , Kyle Cranmer

We study the problem of likelihood maximization when the likelihood function is intractable but model simulations are readily available. We propose a sequential, gradient-based optimization method that directly models the Fisher score based…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-06-10 Sherman Khoo , Yakun Wang , Song Liu , Mark Beaumont

Model merging aims to combine multiple task-specific expert models into a single model without joint retraining, offering a practical alternative to multi-task learning when data access or computational budget is limited. Existing methods,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Kaiyang Li , Shaobo Han , Qing Su , Shihao Ji

The optimal selection of experimental conditions is essential to maximizing the value of data for inference and prediction, particularly in situations where experiments are time-consuming and expensive to conduct. We propose a general…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2012-12-04 Xun Huan , Youssef M. Marzouk

We consider Bayesian optimization of expensive-to-evaluate experiments that generate vector-valued outcomes over which a decision-maker (DM) has preferences. These preferences are encoded by a utility function that is not known in closed…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-23 Zhiyuan Jerry Lin , Raul Astudillo , Peter I. Frazier , Eytan Bakshy

We present an online model-based reinforcement learning algorithm suitable for controlling complex robotic systems directly in the real world. Unlike prevailing sim-to-real pipelines that rely on extensive offline simulation and model-free…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-07 Fang Nan , Hao Ma , Qinghua Guan , Josie Hughes , Michael Muehlebach , Marco Hutter

Optimization constrained by high-fidelity computational models has potential for transformative impact. However, such optimization is frequently unattainable in practice due to the complexity and computational intensity of the model. An…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2024-06-04 Joseph Hart , Bart van Bloemen Waanders

Standard selection criteria for forecasting models focus on information that is calculated for each series independently, disregarding the general tendencies and performances of the candidate models. In this paper, we propose a new way to…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-04-21 Fotios Petropoulos , Evangelos Spiliotis , Anastasios Panagiotelis

Bayesian optimization is a methodology to optimize black-box functions. Traditionally, it focuses on the setting where you can arbitrarily query the search space. However, many real-life problems do not offer this flexibility; in…

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