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The ability to specify robot commands by a non-expert user is critical for building generalist agents capable of solving a large variety of tasks. One convenient way to specify the intended robot goal is by a video of a person demonstrating…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-05-11 Elliot Chane-Sane , Cordelia Schmid , Ivan Laptev

General-purpose robots need a deep understanding of the physical world, advanced reasoning, and general and dexterous control. This report introduces the latest generation of the Gemini Robotics model family: Gemini Robotics 1.5, a…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Gemini Robotics Team , Abbas Abdolmaleki , Saminda Abeyruwan , Joshua Ainslie , Jean-Baptiste Alayrac , Montserrat Gonzalez Arenas , Ashwin Balakrishna , Nathan Batchelor , Alex Bewley , Jeff Bingham , Michael Bloesch , Konstantinos Bousmalis , Philemon Brakel , Anthony Brohan , Thomas Buschmann , Arunkumar Byravan , Serkan Cabi , Ken Caluwaerts , Federico Casarini , Christine Chan , Oscar Chang , London Chappellet-Volpini , Jose Enrique Chen , Xi Chen , Hao-Tien Lewis Chiang , Krzysztof Choromanski , Adrian Collister , David B. D'Ambrosio , Sudeep Dasari , Todor Davchev , Meet Kirankumar Dave , Coline Devin , Norman Di Palo , Tianli Ding , Carl Doersch , Adil Dostmohamed , Yilun Du , Debidatta Dwibedi , Sathish Thoppay Egambaram , Michael Elabd , Tom Erez , Xiaolin Fang , Claudio Fantacci , Cody Fong , Erik Frey , Chuyuan Fu , Ruiqi Gao , Marissa Giustina , Keerthana Gopalakrishnan , Laura Graesser , Oliver Groth , Agrim Gupta , Roland Hafner , Steven Hansen , Leonard Hasenclever , Sam Haves , Nicolas Heess , Brandon Hernaez , Alex Hofer , Jasmine Hsu , Lu Huang , Sandy H. Huang , Atil Iscen , Mithun George Jacob , Deepali Jain , Sally Jesmonth , Abhishek Jindal , Ryan Julian , Dmitry Kalashnikov , M. Emre Karagozler , Stefani Karp , Matija Kecman , J. Chase Kew , Donnie Kim , Frank Kim , Junkyung Kim , Thomas Kipf , Sean Kirmani , Ksenia Konyushkova , Li Yang Ku , Yuheng Kuang , Thomas Lampe , Antoine Laurens , Tuan Anh Le , Isabel Leal , Alex X. Lee , Tsang-Wei Edward Lee , Guy Lever , Jacky Liang , Li-Heng Lin , Fangchen Liu , Shangbang Long , Caden Lu , Sharath Maddineni , Anirudha Majumdar , Kevis-Kokitsi Maninis , Andrew Marmon , Sergio Martinez , Assaf Hurwitz Michaely , Niko Milonopoulos , Joss Moore , Robert Moreno , Michael Neunert , Francesco Nori , Joy Ortiz , Kenneth Oslund , Carolina Parada , Emilio Parisotto , Amaris Paryag , Acorn Pooley , Thomas Power , Alessio Quaglino , Haroon Qureshi , Rajkumar Vasudeva Raju , Helen Ran , Dushyant Rao , Kanishka Rao , Isaac Reid , David Rendleman , Krista Reymann , Miguel Rivas , Francesco Romano , Yulia Rubanova , Peter Pastor Sampedro , Pannag R Sanketi , Dhruv Shah , Mohit Sharma , Kathryn Shea , Mohit Shridhar , Charles Shu , Vikas Sindhwani , Sumeet Singh , Radu Soricut , Rachel Sterneck , Ian Storz , Razvan Surdulescu , Jie Tan , Jonathan Tompson , Saran Tunyasuvunakool , Jake Varley , Grace Vesom , Giulia Vezzani , Maria Bauza Villalonga , Oriol Vinyals , René Wagner , Ayzaan Wahid , Stefan Welker , Paul Wohlhart , Chengda Wu , Markus Wulfmeier , Fei Xia , Ted Xiao , Annie Xie , Jinyu Xie , Peng Xu , Sichun Xu , Ying Xu , Zhuo Xu , Jimmy Yan , Sherry Yang , Skye Yang , Yuxiang Yang , Hiu Hong Yu , Wenhao Yu , Wentao Yuan , Yuan Yuan , Jingwei Zhang , Tingnan Zhang , Zhiyuan Zhang , Allan Zhou , Guangyao Zhou , Yuxiang Zhou

For a general-purpose robot to operate in reality, executing a broad range of instructions across various environments is imperative. Central to the reinforcement learning and planning for such robotic agents is a generalizable reward…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-23 Yanting Yang , Minghao Chen , Qibo Qiu , Jiahao Wu , Wenxiao Wang , Binbin Lin , Ziyu Guan , Xiaofei He

We present an imitation learning framework that extracts distinctive legged locomotion behaviors and transitions between them from unlabeled real-world motion data. By automatically discovering behavioral modes and mapping user steering…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-06 Dongho Kang , Jin Cheng , Fatemeh Zargarbashi , Taerim Yoon , Sungjoon Choi , Stelian Coros

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models hold promise for generalist robotics but currently struggle with data scarcity, architectural inefficiencies, and the inability to generalize across different hardware platforms. We introduce RDT2, a…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Songming Liu , Bangguo Li , Kai Ma , Lingxuan Wu , Hengkai Tan , Xiao Ouyang , Hang Su , Jun Zhu

Imitation learning in robots, also called programing by demonstration, has made important advances in recent years, allowing humans to teach context dependant motor skills/tasks to robots. We propose to extend the usual contexts…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2012-03-13 Thomas Cederborg , Pierre-Yves Oudeyer

While reinforcement learning provides an appealing formalism for learning individual skills, a general-purpose robotic system must be able to master an extensive repertoire of behaviors. Instead of learning a large collection of skills…

Robotics · Computer Science 2019-10-28 Ashvin Nair , Shikhar Bahl , Alexander Khazatsky , Vitchyr Pong , Glen Berseth , Sergey Levine

An interactive robot framework accomplishes long-horizon task planning and can easily generalize to new goals and distinct tasks, even during execution. However, most traditional methods require predefined module design, making it hard to…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-02-11 Boyi Li , Philipp Wu , Pieter Abbeel , Jitendra Malik

Robotic systems are more present in our society everyday. In human-robot environments, it is crucial that end-users may correctly understand their robotic team-partners, in order to collaboratively complete a task. To increase action…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-09-03 Francisco Cruz , Richard Dazeley , Peter Vamplew , Ithan Moreira

Interpreting object-referential language and grounding objects in 3D with spatial relations and attributes is essential for robots operating alongside humans. However, this task is often challenging due to the diversity of scenes, large…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-18 Nader Zantout , Haochen Zhang , Pujith Kachana , Jinkai Qiu , Guofei Chen , Ji Zhang , Wenshan Wang

The speed and accuracy with which robots are able to interpret natural language is fundamental to realizing effective human-robot interaction. A great deal of attention has been paid to developing models and approximate inference algorithms…

Robotics · Computer Science 2019-03-25 Siddharth Patki , Andrea F. Daniele , Matthew R. Walter , Thomas M. Howard

Recent time-series foundation models exhibit strong abilities to predict physical systems. These abilities include zero-shot forecasting, in which a model forecasts future states of a system given only a short trajectory as context, without…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Yuanzhao Zhang , William Gilpin

Vision foundation models trained on massive amounts of visual data have shown unprecedented reasoning and planning skills in open-world settings. A key challenge in applying them to robotic tasks is the modality gap between visual data and…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-10-18 Ruoshi Liu , Alper Canberk , Shuran Song , Carl Vondrick

Recent advances in generalist robot manipulation leverage pre-trained Vision-Language Models (VLMs) and large-scale robot demonstrations to tackle diverse tasks in a zero-shot manner. A key challenge remains: scaling high-quality,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-09-25 Alexander Spiridonov , Jan-Nico Zaech , Nikolay Nikolov , Luc Van Gool , Danda Pani Paudel

Robots are required to execute increasingly complex instructions in dynamic environments, which can lead to a disconnect between the user's intent and the robot's representation of the instructions. In this paper we present a natural…

Robotics · Computer Science 2017-10-05 Adrian Boteanu , Jacob Arkin , Siddharth Patki , Thomas Howard , Hadas Kress-Gazit

General-purpose robotic manipulation, including reach and grasp, is essential for deployment into households and workspaces involving diverse and evolving tasks. Recent advances propose using large pre-trained models, such as Large Language…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-07-16 Huiyi Wang , Fahim Shahriar , Alireza Azimi , Gautham Vasan , Rupam Mahmood , Colin Bellinger

Robots' ability to follow language instructions and execute diverse 3D manipulation tasks is vital in robot learning. Traditional imitation learning-based methods perform well on seen tasks but struggle with novel, unseen ones due to…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-03-18 Yangtao Chen , Zixuan Chen , Junhui Yin , Jing Huo , Pinzhuo Tian , Jieqi Shi , Yang Gao

We consider the problem of learning useful robotic skills from previously collected offline data without access to manually specified rewards or additional online exploration, a setting that is becoming increasingly important for scaling…

Despite significant progress in robotic systems for operation within human-centric environments, existing models still heavily rely on explicit human commands to identify and manipulate specific objects. This limits their effectiveness in…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-10-16 Shiyu Jin , Jinxuan Xu , Yutian Lei , Liangjun Zhang

Robotic autonomy in open-world environments is fundamentally limited by insufficient data diversity and poor cross-embodiment generalization. Existing robotic datasets are often limited in scale and task coverage, while relatively large…