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In image retrieval, deep local features learned in a data-driven manner have been demonstrated effective to improve retrieval performance. To realize efficient retrieval on large image database, some approaches quantize deep local features…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-12-14 Hui Wu , Min Wang , Wengang Zhou , Yang Hu , Houqiang Li

Argument Unit Recognition and Classification aims at identifying argument units from text and classifying them as pro or against. One of the design choices that need to be made when developing systems for this task is what the unit of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-09-30 Jonathan Kamp , Lisa Beinborn , Antske Fokkens

Recently, autoregressive (AR) image models have demonstrated remarkable generative capabilities, positioning themselves as a compelling alternative to diffusion models. However, their sequential nature leads to long inference times,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Junhyuk So , Juncheol Shin , Hyunho Kook , Eunhyeok Park

Autoregressive (AR) visual generation relies on tokenizers to map images to and from discrete sequences. However, tokenizers are trained to reconstruct clean images from ground-truth tokens, while AR generators are optimized only for token…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Xinyao Liao , Qiyuan He , Kai Xu , Xiaoye Qu , Yicong Li , Wei Wei , Angela Yao

Visual generative models based on latent space have achieved great success, underscoring the significance of visual tokenization. Mapping images to latents boosts efficiency and enables multimodal alignment for scaling up in downstream…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-18 Yunpeng Qu , Kaidong Zhang , Yukang Ding , Ying Chen , Jian Wang

In a multi-stage recommendation system, reranking plays a crucial role in modeling intra-list correlations among items. A key challenge lies in exploring optimal sequences within the combinatorial space of permutations. Recent research…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-10-30 Zhijie Lin , Zhuofeng Li , Chenglei Dai , Wentian Bao , Shuai Lin , Enyun Yu , Haoxiang Zhang , Liang Zhao

This paper presents Randomized AutoRegressive modeling (RAR) for visual generation, which sets a new state-of-the-art performance on the image generation task while maintaining full compatibility with language modeling frameworks. The…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-04 Qihang Yu , Ju He , Xueqing Deng , Xiaohui Shen , Liang-Chieh Chen

Image tokenizers form the foundation of modern text-to-image generative models but are notoriously difficult to train. Furthermore, most existing text-to-image models rely on large-scale, high-quality private datasets, making them…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Dongwon Kim , Ju He , Qihang Yu , Chenglin Yang , Xiaohui Shen , Suha Kwak , Liang-Chieh Chen

Unsupervised Machine Learning techniques have been applied to Natural Language Processing tasks and surpasses the benchmarks such as GLUE with great success. Building language models approach achieves good results in one language and it can…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-28 Amir Jafari

Autoregressive visual generation models typically rely on tokenizers to compress images into tokens that can be predicted sequentially. A fundamental dilemma exists in token representation: discrete tokens enable straightforward modeling…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-01 Yuqing Wang , Zhijie Lin , Yao Teng , Yuanzhi Zhu , Shuhuai Ren , Jiashi Feng , Xihui Liu

Autoregressive models (ARMs) have become the workhorse for sequence generation tasks, since many problems can be modeled as next-token prediction. While there appears to be a natural ordering for text (i.e., left-to-right), for many data…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Zhe Wang , Jiaxin Shi , Nicolas Heess , Arthur Gretton , Michalis K. Titsias

Autoregressive models have recently shown great promise in visual generation by leveraging discrete token sequences akin to language modeling. However, existing approaches often suffer from inefficiency, either due to token-by-token…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-20 Ruiqing Yang , Kaixin Zhang , Zheng Zhang , Shan You , Tao Huang

Autoregressive (AR) approaches, which represent images as sequences of discrete tokens from a finite codebook, have achieved remarkable success in image generation. However, the quantization process and the limited codebook size inevitably…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Jinyuan Hu , Jiayou Zhang , Shaobo Cui , Kun Zhang , Guangyi Chen

Learning to construct text representations in end-to-end systems can be difficult, as natural languages are highly compositional and task-specific annotated datasets are often limited in size. Methods for directly supervising language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-11-15 Marek Rei , Anders Søgaard

Visual tokenizers play a central role in latent image generation by bridging high-dimensional images and tractable generative modeling. However, most existing tokenizers are still trained with reconstruction-dominated objectives, which…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-27 Qingfeng Li , Haoxian Zhang , Xu He , Songlin Tang , Zhixue Fang , Xiaoqiang Liu , Pengfei Wan Guoqi Li

Recent advancements in generative models have highlighted the crucial role of image tokenization in the efficient synthesis of high-resolution images. Tokenization, which transforms images into latent representations, reduces computational…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-12 Qihang Yu , Mark Weber , Xueqing Deng , Xiaohui Shen , Daniel Cremers , Liang-Chieh Chen

Visual autoregressive models typically adhere to a raster-order ``next-token prediction" paradigm, which overlooks the spatial and temporal locality inherent in visual content. Specifically, visual tokens exhibit significantly stronger…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-17 Yefei He , Yuanyu He , Shaoxuan He , Feng Chen , Hong Zhou , Kaipeng Zhang , Bohan Zhuang

Convolutional neural network (CNN) is a neural network that can make use of the internal structure of data such as the 2D structure of image data. This paper studies CNN on text categorization to exploit the 1D structure (namely, word…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2015-03-27 Rie Johnson , Tong Zhang

Quantizing images into discrete representations has been a fundamental problem in unified generative modeling. Predominant approaches learn the discrete representation either in a deterministic manner by selecting the best-matching token or…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-17 Jiahui Zhang , Fangneng Zhan , Christian Theobalt , Shijian Lu

Cross-modal retrieval aims to search for instances, which are semantically related to the query through the interaction of different modal data. Traditional solutions utilize a single-tower or dual-tower framework to explicitly compute the…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Minghui Fang , Shengpeng Ji , Jialong Zuo , Hai Huang , Yan Xia , Jieming Zhu , Xize Cheng , Xiaoda Yang , Wenrui Liu , Gang Wang , Zhenhua Dong , Zhou Zhao