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Quantum computing offers the potential for computational abilities that can go beyond classical machines. However, they are still limited by several challenges such as noise, decoherence, and gate errors. As a result, efficient classical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-01 Aditya Dubey , Zeki Zeybek , Peter Schmelcher

Gaussian boson sampling is a promising candidate for showing experimental quantum advantage. While there is evidence that noiseless Gaussian boson sampling is hard to efficiently simulate using a classical computer, the current Gaussian…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-09-24 Changhun Oh , Minzhao Liu , Yuri Alexeev , Bill Fefferman , Liang Jiang

We present an accurate numerical algorithm, called quantum belief propagation (QBP), for simulation of one-dimensional quantum systems at non-zero temperature. The algorithm exploits the fact that quantum effects are short-range in these…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2009-11-13 M. B. Hastings

Quantum computing hardware has grown sufficiently complex that it often can no longer be simulated by classical computers, but its computational power remains limited by errors. These errors corrupt the results of quantum algorithms, and it…

We present a tensor-network-based method for simulating a weakly-measured quantum circuit. In particular, we use a Markov chain to efficiently sample measurements and contract the tensor network, propagating their effect forward along the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-09 Darren Pereira , Leonardo Banchi

Simulating quantum systems using classical computing equipment has been a significant research focus. This work demonstrates that circuits as large and complex as the random circuit sampling (RCS) circuits published as a part of Google's…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-11-20 Venkateswaran Kasirajan , Torey Battelle , Bob Wold

Tensor Networks (TN) are approximations of high-dimensional tensors designed to represent locally entangled quantum many-body systems efficiently. This study provides a comprehensive comparison between classical TNs and TN-inspired quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-12-20 Jack Y. Araz , Michael Spannowsky

The frontier of quantum computing (QC) simulation on classical hardware is quickly reaching the hard scalability limits for computational feasibility. Nonetheless, there is still a need to simulate large quantum systems classically, as the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-23 Marzio Vallero , Flavio Vella , Paolo Rech

Out-of-time-ordered correlators (OTOC) are a quantifier of quantum information scrambling and quantum chaos. We propose an efficient quantum algorithm to measure OTOCs that provides an exponential speed-up over the best known classical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-03-17 Sreeram PG , Naga Dileep Varikuti , Vaibhav Madhok

We show a similarity between two different classical simulation methods for measurement based quantum computation -- one relying on a low entanglement (tree tensor network) representation of the computer's state, and the other a tensor…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-02-11 Nadav Yoran

Quantum circuit simulation is a challenging computational problem crucial for quantum computing research and development. The predominant approaches in this area center on tensor networks, prized for their better concurrency and less…

In recent times, Variational Quantum Circuits (VQC) have been widely adopted to different tasks in machine learning such as Combinatorial Optimization and Supervised Learning. With the growing interest, it is pertinent to study the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-12-13 Dheeraj Peddireddy , Vipul Bansal , Vaneet Aggarwal

Efficient simulation of quantum circuits has become indispensable with the rapid development of quantum hardware. The primary simulation methods are based on state vectors and tensor networks. As the number of qubits and quantum gates grows…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-08-13 Feng Pan , Hanfeng Gu , Lvlin Kuang , Bing Liu , Pan Zhang

Classical simulation is essential in quantum algorithm development and quantum device verification. With the increasing complexity and diversity of quantum circuit structures, existing classical simulation algorithms need to be improved and…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-04-15 Yaojian Chen , Zhaoqi Sun , Chengyu Qiu , Zegang Li , Yanfei Liu , Lin Gan , Xiaohui Duan , Guangwen Yang

Understanding the effects of noise on quantum computations is fundamental to the development of quantum hardware and quantum algorithms. Simulation tools are essential for quantitatively modelling these effects, yet unless artificial…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-07 Anthony P. Thompson , Arie Soeteman , Chris Cade , Ido Niesen

A quantum processing unit (QPU) must contain a large number of high quality qubits to produce accurate results for problems at useful scales. In contrast, most scientific and industry classical computation workloads happen in parallel on…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2025-02-06 Wei Tang , Margaret Martonosi

We review different tensor network approaches to study the spreading of operators in generic nonintegrable quantum systems. As a common ground to all methods, we quantify this spreading by means of the Frobenius norm of the commutator of a…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2019-09-19 Kévin Hémery , Frank Pollmann , David J. Luitz

The idea of the out-of-time-order correlator (OTOC) has recently emerged in the study of both condensed matter systems and gravitational systems. It not only plays a key role in investigating the holographic duality between a strongly…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2017-07-26 Jun Li , Ruihua Fan , Hengyan Wang , Bingtian Ye , Bei Zeng , Hui Zhai , Xinhua Peng , Jiangfeng Du

Out-of-time-order correlators (OTOCs) are central probes of quantum scrambling, and their generalizations have recently become key primitives for both benchmarking quantum advantage and learning the structure of Hamiltonians. Yet their…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-01 Keisuke Fujii

Although the Schr{\"o}dinger and Heisenberg pictures are equivalent formulations of quantum mechanics, simulations performed choosing one over the other can greatly impact the computational resources required to solve a problem. Here we…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-02-27 Dario Cilluffo , Nicola Lorenzoni , Martin B. Plenio