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Fault-tolerant quantum computation critically depends on architectures uniting high encoding rates with physical implementability. Quantum low-density parity-check (qLDPC) codes, including bivariate bicycle (BB) codes, achieve dramatic…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-24 Yingli Yang , Guo Zhang , Ying Li

Quantum low-density parity-check (qLDPC) codes are a promising construction for drastically reducing the overhead of fault-tolerant quantum computing (FTQC) architectures. However, all of the known hardware implementations of these codes…

Quantum error correction is one of the most important milestones for realization of large-scale quantum computation. To achieve this, it is essential not only to integrate a large number of qubits with high fidelity, but also to build a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-08-07 Jun Fujisaki , Hirotaka Oshima , Shintaro Sato , Keisuke Fujii

The realization of quantum error correction protocols whose logical error rates are suppressed far below physical error rates relies on an intricate combination: the error-correcting code's efficiency, the syndrome extraction circuit's…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-06 Andrey Boris Khesin , Jonathan Z. Lu

In this paper, we propose a class of finite alphabet iterative decoder (FAID), called mutual information-maximizing quantized belief propagation (MIM-QBP) decoder, for decoding regular low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes. Our decoder…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2022-12-19 Xuan He , Kui Cai , Zhen Mei , Peng Kang , Xiaohu Tang

A fault-tolerant quantum computer must decode and correct errors faster than they appear to prevent exponential slowdown due to error correction. The Union-Find (UF) decoder is promising with an average time complexity slightly higher than…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-10-03 Namitha Liyanage , Yue Wu , Siona Tagare , Lin Zhong

Universal fault-tolerant quantum computation will require real-time decoding algorithms capable of quickly extracting logical outcomes from the stream of data generated by noisy quantum hardware. We propose modular decoding, an approach…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-03-10 Héctor Bombín , Chris Dawson , Ye-Hua Liu , Naomi Nickerson , Fernando Pastawski , Sam Roberts

The typical model for measurement noise in quantum error correction is to randomly flip the binary measurement outcome. In experiments, measurements yield much richer information - e.g., continuous current values, discrete photon counts -…

Quantum hardware rarely suffers equal amounts of bit-flip ($X$) and phase-flip ($Z$) errors; one type is often much more common than the other. A code that is ``bias-tailored'' can exploit this imbalance, lowering the fault-tolerance…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-04 Shixin Wu , Todd A. Brun , Daniel A. Lidar

Quantum low-density parity-check (QLDPC) codes have been proven to achieve higher minimum distances at higher code rates than surface codes. However, this family of codes imposes stringent latency requirements and poor performance under…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-06-26 Dimitris Chytas , Nithin Raveendran , Bane Vasić

Scalable quantum computation in realistic devices requires that precise control can be implemented efficiently in the presence of decoherence and operational errors. We propose a general constructive procedure for designing robust unitary…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-04-21 Kaveh Khodjasteh , Lorenza Viola

Modular quantum computing architectures require error correction schemes that remain effective in the presense of noisy inter-processor operations. We introduce a distributed quantum error correction framework based on approximate codes to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-05 Connor Clayton , Bruno Avritzer

Quantum low-density parity-check (qLDPC) codes can achieve high encoding rates and good code distance scaling, providing a promising route to low-overhead fault-tolerant quantum computing. However, the long-range connectivity required to…

We investigate quantum error correction protocols for neutral atoms quantum processors in the presence of atom loss. We complement the surface code with loss detection units (LDU) and analyze its performances by means of circuit-level…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-15 Hugo Perrin , Sven Jandura , Guido Pupillo

We present a hardware-based implementation of Linear Program (LP) decoding for binary linear codes. LP decoding frames error-correction as an optimization problem. In contrast, variants of Belief Propagation (BP) decoding frame…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2016-11-21 Mitchell Wasson , Mario Milicevic , Stark C. Draper , Glenn Gulak

Large-scale quantum computers promise transformative speedups, but their viability hinges on fast and reliable quantum error correction (QEC). At the center of QEC are decoders-classical algorithms running on hardware such as FPGAs, GPUs,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-19 Satvik Maurya , Abtin Molavi , Aws Albarghouthi , Swamit Tannu

We present a fault-tolerant universal quantum computing architecture based on a code concatenation of biased-noise qubits and the parity architecture. The parity architecture can be understood as an LDPC code tailored specifically to obtain…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-01 Anette Messinger , Valentin Torggler , Berend Klaver , Michael Fellner , Wolfgang Lechner

Quantum error correction becomes a practical possibility only if the physical error rate is below a threshold value that depends on a particular quantum code, syndrome measurement circuit, and decoding algorithm. Here we present an…

Recently, we introduced a new class of finite alphabet iterative decoders (FAIDs) for low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes. These decoders are capable of surpassing belief propagation in the error floor region on the Binary Symmetric…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2016-11-17 David Declercq , Bane Vasic , Shiva Kumar Planjery , Erbao Li

Quantum error correction (QEC) is essential for achieving low error rates required for fault-tolerant quantum computation. In stabilizer-based codes such as the surface code, errors are inferred from repeated syndrome measurements and…