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Anomaly detection (AD) is the identification of data samples that do not fit a learned data distribution. As such, AD systems can help physicians to determine the presence, severity, and extension of a pathology. Deep generative models,…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-04-12 Jaime Simarro , Ezequiel de la Rosa , Thijs Vande Vyvere , David Robben , Diana M. Sima

Video anomaly detection (VAD) is a critical yet challenging task due to the complex and diverse nature of real-world scenarios. Previous methods typically rely on domain-specific training data and manual adjustments when applying to new…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-29 Zhiwei Yang , Chen Gao , Mike Zheng Shou

This paper proposes a scalable and interpretable framework for lane-wise highway traffic anomaly detection, leveraging multi-modal time series data extracted from surveillance cameras. Unlike traditional sensor-dependent methods, our…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-05-06 Mei Qiu , William Lorenz Reindl , Yaobin Chen , Stanley Chien , Shu Hu

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are widely applied for purposes of inspection, search, and rescue operations by the virtue of low-cost, large-coverage, real-time, and high-resolution data acquisition capacities. Massive volumes of aerial…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-10-05 Pu Jin , Lichao Mou , Gui-Song Xia , Xiao Xiang Zhu

Due to its relevance in intelligent transportation systems, anomaly detection in traffic videos has recently received much interest. It remains a difficult problem due to a variety of factors influencing the video quality of a real-time…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-04-21 Keval Doshi , Yasin Yilmaz

In safety-critical domains like automated driving (AD), errors by the object detector may endanger pedestrians and other vulnerable road users (VRU). As common evaluation metrics are not an adequate safety indicator, recent works employ…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-06 Maria Lyssenko , Piyush Pimplikar , Maarten Bieshaar , Farzad Nozarian , Rudolph Triebel

This paper proposes a method for detecting anomalies in video data. A Variational Autoencoder (VAE) is used for reducing the dimensionality of video frames, generating latent space information that is comparable to low-dimensional sensory…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-03-18 Giulia Slavic , Damian Campo , Mohamad Baydoun , Pablo Marin , David Martin , Lucio Marcenaro , Carlo Regazzoni

Precise situational awareness is required for the safe decision-making of assisted and automated driving (AAD) functions. Panoptic segmentation is a promising perception technique to identify and categorise objects, impending hazards, and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-02-26 Yiting Wang , Haonan Zhao , Daniel Gummadi , Mehrdad Dianati , Kurt Debattista , Valentina Donzella

Despite the remarkable success, recent reconstruction-based anomaly detection (AD) methods via diffusion modeling still involve fine-grained noise-strength tuning and computationally expensive multi-step denoising, leading to a fundamental…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Shunsuke Sakai , Xiangteng He , Chunzhi Gu , Leonid Sigal , Tatsuhito Hasegawa

Computer vision has evolved in the last decade as a key technology for numerous applications replacing human supervision. In this paper, we present a survey on relevant visual surveillance related researches for anomaly detection in public…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-12-17 Santhosh Kelathodi Kumaran , Debi Prosad Dogra , Partha Pratim Roy

In line with the development of deep learning, this survey examines the transformative role of Transformers and foundation models in advancing visual anomaly detection (VAD). We explore how these architectures, with their global receptive…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-23 Mouïn Ben Ammar , Arturo Mendoza , Nacim Belkhir , Antoine Manzanera , Gianni Franchi

Women's safety and security are paramount for a modern society. Crimes against women occur in daylight as well as in low-light conditions. Often, such events are captured through real-world surveillance cameras that operate at lower…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Sangeeta , Maddikuntla Sai Prajwal , Debi Prosad Dogra , Kamalakar Vijay Thakare , Hyungjoo Jung , Ig-Jae Kim , Heeseung Choi

Video anomaly detection (VAD) aims to automatically identify events that deviate from normal patterns in untrimmed surveillance videos. Existing methods universally depend on large-scale annotations or task-specific training procedures,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Chao Huang , Penfei Wei , Wei Wang , Jie Wen , Zhihua Wang , Li Shen , Wenqi Ren , Xiaochun Cao

Unsupervised anomaly detection (UAD) aims to detect anomalies without labeled data, a necessity in many machine learning applications where anomalous samples are rare or not available. Most state-of-the-art methods fall into two categories:…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-30 Nicolas Pinon , Carole Lartizien

Network Intrusion Detection Systems (NIDS) are essential tools for detecting network attacks and intrusions. While extensive research has explored the use of supervised Machine Learning for attack detection and characterisation, these…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-23 Georgios Anyfantis , Pere Barlet-Ros

Video Anomaly Detection (VAD) systems can autonomously monitor and identify disturbances, reducing the need for manual labor and associated costs. However, current VAD systems are often limited by their superficial semantic understanding of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-28 Jiaqi Tang , Hao Lu , Ruizheng Wu , Xiaogang Xu , Ke Ma , Cheng Fang , Bin Guo , Jiangbo Lu , Qifeng Chen , Ying-Cong Chen

We consider the task of detecting anomalies for autonomous mobile robots based on vision. We categorize relevant types of visual anomalies and discuss how they can be detected by unsupervised deep learning methods. We propose a novel…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-09-23 Dario Mantegazza , Alessandro Giusti , Luca M. Gambardella , Andrea Rizzoli , Jérôme Guzzi

Anomaly Detection (AD) and Anomaly Localization (AL) are crucial in fields that demand high reliability, such as medical imaging and industrial monitoring. However, current AD and AL approaches are often susceptible to adversarial attacks…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-27 Mojtaba Nafez , Amirhossein Koochakian , Arad Maleki , Jafar Habibi , Mohammad Hossein Rohban

Industrial Anomaly Detection (IAD) is a subproblem within Computer Vision Anomaly Detection that has been receiving increasing amounts of attention due to its applicability to real-life scenarios. Recent research has focused on how to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Mariette Schönfeld , Wannes Meert , Hendrik Blockeel

Nowadays, there are outstanding strides towards a future with autonomous vehicles on our roads. While the perception of autonomous vehicles performs well under closed-set conditions, they still struggle to handle the unexpected. This survey…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Daniel Bogdoll , Maximilian Nitsche , J. Marius Zöllner