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Vision-language models (VLMs) have achieved impressive performance across a wide range of multimodal tasks. However, they often fail on tasks that require fine-grained visual perception, even when the required information is still present…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Haz Sameen Shahgir , Xiaofu Chen , Yu Fu , Erfan Shayegani , Nael Abu-Ghazaleh , Yova Kementchedjhieva , Yue Dong

Why do Vision Language Models (VLMs), despite success on standard benchmarks, often fail to match human performance on surprisingly simple visual reasoning tasks? While the underlying computational principles are still debated, we…

Large language models (LLMs) have become increasingly useful computational models of human language processing, but it remains unclear whether vision-language learning makes text representations more human-like during natural reading. Here,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Jinzhou Wu , Zhengwu Ma , Jixing Li , Baoping Tang , Zitong Lu

The use of Vision-Language Models (VLMs) in automated driving applications is becoming increasingly common, with the aim of leveraging their reasoning and generalisation capabilities to handle long tail scenarios. However, these models…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-09 Nikos Theodoridis , Reenu Mohandas , Ganesh Sistu , Anthony Scanlan , Ciarán Eising , Tim Brophy

Multi-modal large language models (MLLMs) have achieved remarkable performance on objective multimodal perception tasks, but their ability to interpret subjective, emotionally nuanced multimodal content remains largely unexplored. Thus, it…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-02 Qu Yang , Mang Ye , Bo Du

Classification of human emotions remains an important and challenging task for many computer vision algorithms, especially in the era of humanoid robots which coexist with humans in their everyday life. Currently proposed methods for…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-10-25 Ivona Tautkute , Tomasz Trzcinski , Adam Bielski

Despite the impressive performance of vision-language models (VLMs) on downstream tasks, their ability to understand and reason about causal relationships in visual inputs remains unclear. Robust causal reasoning is fundamental to solving…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-05 Zhaotian Weng , Haoxuan Li , Xin Eric Wang , Kuan-Hao Huang , Jieyu Zhao

While machine learning approaches to visual emotion recognition offer great promise, current methods consider training and testing models on small scale datasets covering limited visual emotion concepts. Our analysis identifies an important…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-08-08 Rameswar Panda , Jianming Zhang , Haoxiang Li , Joon-Young Lee , Xin Lu , Amit K. Roy-Chowdhury

Facial Emotion Analysis (FEA) extends traditional facial emotion recognition by incorporating explainable, fine-grained reasoning. The task integrates three subtasks: emotion recognition, facial Action Unit (AU) recognition, and AU-based…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-14 Jiulong Wu , Yucheng Shen , Lingyong Yan , Haixin Sun , Deguo Xia , Jizhou Huang , Min Cao

As robotics become increasingly integrated into construction workflows, their ability to interpret and respond to human behavior will be essential for enabling safe and effective collaboration. Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have emerged as…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-19 Hieu Bui , Nathaniel E. Chodosh , Arash Tavakoli

Advances in vision language models (VLMs) have enabled the simulation of general human behavior through their reasoning and problem solving capabilities. However, prior research has not investigated such simulation capabilities in the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-18 Rosiana Natalie , Wenqian Xu , Ruei-Che Chang , Rada Mihalcea , Anhong Guo

Data visualizations are powerful tools for communicating patterns in quantitative data. Yet understanding any data visualization is no small feat -- succeeding requires jointly making sense of visual, numerical, and linguistic inputs…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-05-26 Arnav Verma , Kushin Mukherjee , Christopher Potts , Elisa Kreiss , Judith E. Fan

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly expected to navigate the nuances of human emotion. While research confirms that LLMs can simulate emotional intelligence, their internal emotional mechanisms remain largely unexplored. This…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Jingxiang Zhang , Lujia Zhong

Multimodal emotion recognition is a task of great concern. However, traditional data sets are based on fixed labels, resulting in models that often focus on main emotions and ignore detailed emotional changes in complex scenes. This report…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-23 Mengying Ge , Dongkai Tang , Mingyang Li

In question-answering scenarios, humans can assess whether the available information is sufficient and seek additional information if necessary, rather than providing a forced answer. In contrast, Vision Language Models (VLMs) typically…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-04 Li Liu , Diji Yang , Sijia Zhong , Kalyana Suma Sree Tholeti , Lei Ding , Yi Zhang , Leilani H. Gilpin

The advent of large language models (LLMs) has gained tremendous attention over the past year. Previous studies have shown the astonishing performance of LLMs not only in other tasks but also in emotion recognition in terms of accuracy,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-24 Liyizhe Peng , Zixing Zhang , Tao Pang , Jing Han , Huan Zhao , Hao Chen , Björn W. Schuller

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) offer the ability to generate high-level, interpretable descriptions of complex activities from images and videos, making them valuable for situational awareness (SA) applications. In such settings, the focus…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-19 Pavana Pradeep , Krishna Kant , Suya Yu

Despite strong performance in visual understanding and language-based reasoning, Vision-Language Models (VLMs) struggle with tasks requiring integrated perception and symbolic computation. We study this limitation through visual equation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-12 Monjoy Narayan Choudhury , Junling Wang , Yifan Hou , Mrinmaya Sachan

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have recently gained attention due to their competitive performance on multiple downstream tasks, achieved by following user-input instructions. However, VLMs still exhibit several limitations in visual…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-23 Simone Alghisi , Gabriel Roccabruna , Massimo Rizzoli , Seyed Mahed Mousavi , Giuseppe Riccardi

Vision Large Language Models (VLLMs) are transforming the intersection of computer vision and natural language processing. Nonetheless, the potential of using visual prompts for emotion recognition in these models remains largely unexplored…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-04 Qixuan Zhang , Zhifeng Wang , Dylan Zhang , Wenjia Niu , Sabrina Caldwell , Tom Gedeon , Yang Liu , Zhenyue Qin